Samenvatting
Summary lectures Microbes and Biochemistry
- Instelling
- Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Summary of the lectures and book of Microbes and Biochemistry
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 71 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 71 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Summary Microbes and BiogeochemistryCH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4 106:16:1 = redfield ratio
CO2 = carbon dioxide
CaCO3 = calcium carbonate (solid phase)
HCO3- = bicarbonate (dissolved)
CO32- = carbonate (dissolved)
CH4 = methane
H2CO3 = carbonic acid
NO3- = nitrate
NO2- = nitrite
N2O = Nitrous oxide gas
NO = nitric oxide gas
N2 = nitrogen gas
NH3 = ammonia
NH4+ = ammonium
CaSiO3 = silicate bedrock
H4SiO4 = Si(OH)4 = dissolved silica = silicic acid
SiO2nH2O = Biogenic silica = biogenic opal
Si = silicate (element)
H2S = hydrogen sulfide
SO42- = sulfate
S2- = sulfide
SO32- = sulfite
H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
Silicate = compound/ion containing SiO4
PO4 = phosphate
POM = particulate organic matter
POC = particulate organic carbon
DIC = dissolved inorganic carbon
DOM = dissolved organic matter
DOC = dissolved organic carbon
DMS = Dimethyl sulfide
Primary Production
Euphotic zone = Zone of the ocean where there is light, photosynthesis. Upper 50-100 meters At
bottom light is 1%. 50 OM particles → 40 consumed and 10 transported to ocean interior by
gravitational settling.
Settling rate → 300 meters in 10 days. Thus, microbes have time to consume the OM.
,Ocean interior/deep ocean = dark part of the ocean, no photosynthesis. 3-5 km depth. Degradation
by bacteria and zooplankton, production of dissolved CO2 and nutrients. 10 OM particles → 8 are
degraded and 2 reach the ocean floor. 0.2 is buried by accumulation in sediments.
Phytoplankton
Three domains of life=
eukaryotes, bacteria (prokaryotes), archaea (prokaryotes)
Phytoplankton = PRIMARY PRODUCERS small to very small photosynthesizing organisms drifting an
floating in the water (mutual buoyancy as water). Very diverse. Classification by size → note that
names do not correspond with scientific size (bio
logical meaning different from physical meaning)
SIZE and SHAPE MATTER: determines how well they can harvest light and take up CO2
- Living:
- Sinking speed: larger → more settling, less recycling
- Eat: smaller → easier to eat
- Operational divide at 0.8μm
Photohosts = some algae live in other organisms. They occur in clusters/clums.
Picoplankton:
Cyanobacteria – Prochlorococcus and synechococcus
- Prokaryotes
- Main primary producers
o responsible for 2/3 CO2 fixation in oceans
o 1/3 total primary biomass production of earth
- Small cells: large surface area compared to volume → more diffusion → high affinity
- Mostly found at low latitudes: low nutrient concentrations, oligotrophic ocean.
- Date back to 3000 Mya
- Too small for consumption
, - Synechococcus
o Abundant in upper 25m of ocean where white or blue/green light is available
o Coastal regions and mesotrophic open ocean surface waters
- Prochlorococcus
o Much higher densities than synechococcus
o Predominant at depths greater than 25m where blue/violet light penetrates
o Warm, stratified, oligotrophic tropical and subtropical marine areas
o Ecotype 1: adapted to high light, occupying upper 100 m of water column
o Ecotype 2: adapted to low light (80-200m), nutrients more abundant
-
Cyanobacteria: N2 fixing
- E.g. Trichodesmium → Fix nitrogen
- Can become big and visible because they stick together → bloom very well
- Tropical waters
- Capture dust because of their structure and fertilize the ocean
Larger algae: nano and micro plankton
- Eukaryotes
- Relatively large → inefficient nutrient uptake
- Make skeletons and weird forms to protect themselves from consumption
- Mostly found at high latitudes and nutrient rich environments
- Have internal stores where they concentrate nitrate and phosphate → regulate their
buoyancy
Diatoms
- Silicate shield/skeletons: SiO2
o Frustules cause protection against predator + light penetration into cell
- Most dominant and most productive of photosynthetic plankton (apart from cyanobacteria)
- Large algae, settle by gravitation (can accumulate)
-
Dinoflagellates
- Have 2 flagella: 1 to drive organism forwards and 1 to rotate → to move towards nutrients
- Photosynthesize but also consume carbon
- Can produce fluorescence , Mostly in blooms (can be harmful, cause toxics)
-
, -
Coccolithophorid
- Fix carbon and make calcium carbonate skeletons: CaCO3
- Scatter light → can be sensed remotely
-
Phaeocystis
- Foam producers
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis = Light harvesting + CO2 fixation
CO2 + H2O + light = CH2O + O2
Light harvesting (Z-scheme)
2H2O + light → O2 + ATP + NADPH
Electron donor waste product
A. PSII: 2H2O + light ➝ 4H+ + 4e + O2 (+ ATP)
B. PSI: NADP+ + H+ + e ➝ NADPH
PSI = photosystem. E=redox potential. RC=reaction centre
Oxygenic photosynthesis: water is electron donor → split into O2 and H+. Water has higher E → you
can get more energy out of it.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis: H2 and H2S are electron donor
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper piploop. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,96. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 51662 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen