©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
WCU PATHO FINAL Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
TERITARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Counseling, Rehabilitation, Management programs,
Support groups.
Goal is prevent furthur damage and maximize quality of life.
SECONDARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Interventions, Recommending, Assisting with finding
work, Assisting with medication.
Goal is to slow or stop progress.
PRIMARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Education, Legistlation, Regular exams, Vaccinations
Goal is to protect healthy people from developing disease.
LATENT VS. PRODROMAL - Answer✔1) LATENT:
Exposure --- First S/S
2) PRODROMAL:
First S/S --- Disease
Endemic - Answer✔(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or
prevalent in a field
1
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
Subclinical - Answer✔Stage of a disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms
that can be detected or diagnosed.
Functions NORMALLY.
What is an example of etiology? - Answer✔ETIOLOGY: Study of causes or reason of disease.
1) Latrogenic: UNKNOWN
2) Idiopathic: UNINTENDED or UNWANTED
Allostasis - Answer✔The body's ability to maintain a STABLE physiological environment by
adjusting and CHANGING to meet internal and external demands.
What hormones secrete during stress response? - Answer✔1) Coritsol: breakdowns fat and
protein.
2)ACTH:
3)Epinephrine:
Released by adrenal medullas.
Selyes three phases of stress - Answer✔1)Alarm
2)Resistance
3)Exhaustion
The sympathetic nervous system is mediated by - Answer✔NOREPINEPHRINE
What are the types of intracellular accumulations? - Answer✔1) Normal Intracellular
accumulation: Water, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, that accumulates in EXCESS.
2
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
2) Abnormal Intracellular accumulation:
-Exogenous: minerals or infectious agent product.
-Endogenous:
-abnormal synthesis or metabolism
Types of Cellular Adaptation - Answer✔1) Hyperplasia: INCREASE in the NUMBER of cells.
-EX: A benign prostatic hypertrophy in middle aged men.
2) Hypertrophy: INCREASE in the SIZE of cells
3) Atrophy: REDUCTION in the SIZE of cells.
-EX: Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs when an extremity has been immobilized.
4) Metaplasia: CHANGES to the cells to adapt to new environments.
5) Anaplasia: LOSS of cellular differentiation.
-Indication of malignant tumors.
6) Dysplasia:Cell MATURATION and differentiation are delayed.
-Loss of uniformity of cells.
-Precursor to cancer
EX: Pap smear shows dysplasia cells of the cervix
7) Neoplasia: NEW or expended GROWTH in an area of the body.
EX: Benign neoplasm is uterine fibroid tumors.
8) Apoptosis: The genetic instructions provided DNA to command CELLULAR SELF-
DESTRUCTION
3
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
Types of Necrosis - Answer✔1) Coagulation: Low oxygen levels (blood clot)
-Lysomal changes
-Cyltosol congeals/coagulates
-Stroma
2) Liquifaction: Bacterial infection.
-Neutrophils creats pus.
-Cause abcesses.
3) Caseous: A slow, progressive process that produces thick, cheesy pus.
-Tuberculosis
4) Fat: Inflammatory reaction with large number of WBC.
-Inflammatory disease of pancreas.
5) Gangrenous: Combination of coagulation and liquifcation.
-Dry, Wet, Gas
What are side effects of chemotherapy? - Answer✔1) Anemia
2)Nausea
3)Bleeding
4) Infection
Cancer Terminology: - Answer✔1) oma: tumor, mass, fluid collection
2) carcinoma: cancer tumor
3) sarcoma: connective tissue tumor
Grading vs. Staging - Answer✔1) Grading: Histologic characterization of tumor cells.
4
WCU PATHO FINAL Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
TERITARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Counseling, Rehabilitation, Management programs,
Support groups.
Goal is prevent furthur damage and maximize quality of life.
SECONDARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Interventions, Recommending, Assisting with finding
work, Assisting with medication.
Goal is to slow or stop progress.
PRIMARY PREVENTION - Answer✔Ex: Education, Legistlation, Regular exams, Vaccinations
Goal is to protect healthy people from developing disease.
LATENT VS. PRODROMAL - Answer✔1) LATENT:
Exposure --- First S/S
2) PRODROMAL:
First S/S --- Disease
Endemic - Answer✔(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or
prevalent in a field
1
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
Subclinical - Answer✔Stage of a disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms
that can be detected or diagnosed.
Functions NORMALLY.
What is an example of etiology? - Answer✔ETIOLOGY: Study of causes or reason of disease.
1) Latrogenic: UNKNOWN
2) Idiopathic: UNINTENDED or UNWANTED
Allostasis - Answer✔The body's ability to maintain a STABLE physiological environment by
adjusting and CHANGING to meet internal and external demands.
What hormones secrete during stress response? - Answer✔1) Coritsol: breakdowns fat and
protein.
2)ACTH:
3)Epinephrine:
Released by adrenal medullas.
Selyes three phases of stress - Answer✔1)Alarm
2)Resistance
3)Exhaustion
The sympathetic nervous system is mediated by - Answer✔NOREPINEPHRINE
What are the types of intracellular accumulations? - Answer✔1) Normal Intracellular
accumulation: Water, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, that accumulates in EXCESS.
2
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
2) Abnormal Intracellular accumulation:
-Exogenous: minerals or infectious agent product.
-Endogenous:
-abnormal synthesis or metabolism
Types of Cellular Adaptation - Answer✔1) Hyperplasia: INCREASE in the NUMBER of cells.
-EX: A benign prostatic hypertrophy in middle aged men.
2) Hypertrophy: INCREASE in the SIZE of cells
3) Atrophy: REDUCTION in the SIZE of cells.
-EX: Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs when an extremity has been immobilized.
4) Metaplasia: CHANGES to the cells to adapt to new environments.
5) Anaplasia: LOSS of cellular differentiation.
-Indication of malignant tumors.
6) Dysplasia:Cell MATURATION and differentiation are delayed.
-Loss of uniformity of cells.
-Precursor to cancer
EX: Pap smear shows dysplasia cells of the cervix
7) Neoplasia: NEW or expended GROWTH in an area of the body.
EX: Benign neoplasm is uterine fibroid tumors.
8) Apoptosis: The genetic instructions provided DNA to command CELLULAR SELF-
DESTRUCTION
3
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:30PM.
Types of Necrosis - Answer✔1) Coagulation: Low oxygen levels (blood clot)
-Lysomal changes
-Cyltosol congeals/coagulates
-Stroma
2) Liquifaction: Bacterial infection.
-Neutrophils creats pus.
-Cause abcesses.
3) Caseous: A slow, progressive process that produces thick, cheesy pus.
-Tuberculosis
4) Fat: Inflammatory reaction with large number of WBC.
-Inflammatory disease of pancreas.
5) Gangrenous: Combination of coagulation and liquifcation.
-Dry, Wet, Gas
What are side effects of chemotherapy? - Answer✔1) Anemia
2)Nausea
3)Bleeding
4) Infection
Cancer Terminology: - Answer✔1) oma: tumor, mass, fluid collection
2) carcinoma: cancer tumor
3) sarcoma: connective tissue tumor
Grading vs. Staging - Answer✔1) Grading: Histologic characterization of tumor cells.
4
