NSG 4432 E2 Study Guide
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Pyloric Stenosis: When these kids eat it comes back up, projectile
vomit goes across the room, he is always hungry, not gaining weight,
and dehydrated, use ultrasound to diagnose, something on assessment
olive-shaped mass RUQ. Observation of peristaltic waves from left to
right before vomiting occurs. Can sometimes find during swallow
study.
Intussusception: Telescoping of the intestines, causing the bowel to
die, crying knees drawn to the chest, red currant jelly stools, sausage-
shaped mass, The diagnosis is an air enema if this doesn’t work we will
do surgery, an NG Tube to decompress them. Extreme pain so knees
go to chest. With this one, if you are taking them into surgery and then
they have a bowel movement all of a sudden they no longer need
surgery. This means it has corrected itself and we see this sometimes
after the air enema.
Celiac Disease: we are going to make the small intestine mad. no
gluten leads to malabsorption, bloody stinky stool, diarrhea, FTT,
Abdominal pain, and distention, put on a strict gluten-free diet, think
the word BROWN, we diagnose it with a blood test or biopsy, celiac
brown barley, rye, oats, or wheat is a no. Education about foods = no
barley, rye, oats, or wheat they can have corn, rice, or millet.
Cleft Lip/Palate: Cleft lip (CL) results from the incomplete fusion of the oral
cavity during intrauterine life. Cleft palate (CP) results from the incomplete fusion of the palates
during intrauterine life. I think the answer is arm’s restrained it asked how should you hold a
child after a CL repair.
The Cleft lip is a visible separation from the upper lip toward the nose.
A cleft palate is a visible or palpable opening of the palate connecting the mouth and the nasal
cavity.
Hirschsprung's Disease: (Can’t SHXX) part of the intestine has no
nerves that can’t squeeze out, they can have an obstruction, they
won’t pass meconium, ribbon-like stools, failure to thrive, you can feel
stool in the belly, we cut out that part of the intestine, they will have a
, colostomy that may or may not be reversed, don’t want them to end
up with toxic megacolon, don’t want them to end up septic.
Gastroenteritis: nasty GI inflammation, that inflames the small
intestine or colon, because of overfeeding they are intolerant of the
food, especially if they have diarrhea after eating, which can happen
because of fake sugars. Like no-sugar-added candy.
GERD: is acid build-up, what do these kids look like, frequent ear infections,
what can we do to fix it, feed them upright, burp them, and thicken the milk
with cereal, H2 or PPI medications, or a Nissen fundoplication. Proton pump
inhibitors- lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (may be opened and
sprinkled on food). Metoclopramide (Reglan).
Dehydration: not making a lot of urine or tears, mucus membranes
are dry no wet diapers in 8 hours. What would a baby look like = With
sunken eyes and fontanels, they will look puny.
Meckel’s Diverticulum: when an embryo is in a yolk sac there is a
vitelline duct that helps provide nutrition to the embryo throughout the
pregnancy it's supposed to fall off but in some people, it stays.
Functions like the pancreas of the stomach. These kids will have mucus
bloody stools, rectal bleeding, and belly pain, it will start secreting acid
and enzymes that are meant to break things down in the intestines.
Gastrointestinal Management: Suspected dehydration with
vomiting and diarrhea, give Pedialyte we must replace the potassium.
For mild dehydration you need Pedialyte, for moderate to severe
dehydration you need IV Fluids. A hypokalemic child can go into
cardiac arrhythmias when potassium is too low.
Respiratory Conditions
Asthma: Chronic condition inflames narrow airway in the lungs and
swells too. Produces extra mucus and makes it difficult to breathe. S/S
Chest pain, nonproductive cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing on
expiration and inspiration. How will pt present wheezing shortness of
breath coughing chest tightness, anxiety, use of accessory muscles
albuterol bronchodilator? Long-acting use of the steroid LABA long-
acting beta-agonist.
Croup: viral usually parainfluenza inflammation of the lower respiratory
structures barking cough, inspiratory stridor, nasal flaring, and tripoding, you
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Pyloric Stenosis: When these kids eat it comes back up, projectile
vomit goes across the room, he is always hungry, not gaining weight,
and dehydrated, use ultrasound to diagnose, something on assessment
olive-shaped mass RUQ. Observation of peristaltic waves from left to
right before vomiting occurs. Can sometimes find during swallow
study.
Intussusception: Telescoping of the intestines, causing the bowel to
die, crying knees drawn to the chest, red currant jelly stools, sausage-
shaped mass, The diagnosis is an air enema if this doesn’t work we will
do surgery, an NG Tube to decompress them. Extreme pain so knees
go to chest. With this one, if you are taking them into surgery and then
they have a bowel movement all of a sudden they no longer need
surgery. This means it has corrected itself and we see this sometimes
after the air enema.
Celiac Disease: we are going to make the small intestine mad. no
gluten leads to malabsorption, bloody stinky stool, diarrhea, FTT,
Abdominal pain, and distention, put on a strict gluten-free diet, think
the word BROWN, we diagnose it with a blood test or biopsy, celiac
brown barley, rye, oats, or wheat is a no. Education about foods = no
barley, rye, oats, or wheat they can have corn, rice, or millet.
Cleft Lip/Palate: Cleft lip (CL) results from the incomplete fusion of the oral
cavity during intrauterine life. Cleft palate (CP) results from the incomplete fusion of the palates
during intrauterine life. I think the answer is arm’s restrained it asked how should you hold a
child after a CL repair.
The Cleft lip is a visible separation from the upper lip toward the nose.
A cleft palate is a visible or palpable opening of the palate connecting the mouth and the nasal
cavity.
Hirschsprung's Disease: (Can’t SHXX) part of the intestine has no
nerves that can’t squeeze out, they can have an obstruction, they
won’t pass meconium, ribbon-like stools, failure to thrive, you can feel
stool in the belly, we cut out that part of the intestine, they will have a
, colostomy that may or may not be reversed, don’t want them to end
up with toxic megacolon, don’t want them to end up septic.
Gastroenteritis: nasty GI inflammation, that inflames the small
intestine or colon, because of overfeeding they are intolerant of the
food, especially if they have diarrhea after eating, which can happen
because of fake sugars. Like no-sugar-added candy.
GERD: is acid build-up, what do these kids look like, frequent ear infections,
what can we do to fix it, feed them upright, burp them, and thicken the milk
with cereal, H2 or PPI medications, or a Nissen fundoplication. Proton pump
inhibitors- lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (may be opened and
sprinkled on food). Metoclopramide (Reglan).
Dehydration: not making a lot of urine or tears, mucus membranes
are dry no wet diapers in 8 hours. What would a baby look like = With
sunken eyes and fontanels, they will look puny.
Meckel’s Diverticulum: when an embryo is in a yolk sac there is a
vitelline duct that helps provide nutrition to the embryo throughout the
pregnancy it's supposed to fall off but in some people, it stays.
Functions like the pancreas of the stomach. These kids will have mucus
bloody stools, rectal bleeding, and belly pain, it will start secreting acid
and enzymes that are meant to break things down in the intestines.
Gastrointestinal Management: Suspected dehydration with
vomiting and diarrhea, give Pedialyte we must replace the potassium.
For mild dehydration you need Pedialyte, for moderate to severe
dehydration you need IV Fluids. A hypokalemic child can go into
cardiac arrhythmias when potassium is too low.
Respiratory Conditions
Asthma: Chronic condition inflames narrow airway in the lungs and
swells too. Produces extra mucus and makes it difficult to breathe. S/S
Chest pain, nonproductive cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing on
expiration and inspiration. How will pt present wheezing shortness of
breath coughing chest tightness, anxiety, use of accessory muscles
albuterol bronchodilator? Long-acting use of the steroid LABA long-
acting beta-agonist.
Croup: viral usually parainfluenza inflammation of the lower respiratory
structures barking cough, inspiratory stridor, nasal flaring, and tripoding, you
