A+| 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
Most urodynamic tests focus on how well your bladder can hold and empty urine. • Do not
pee before procedure • Drink water a few hours prior to procedure • Patient may be
embarrassed and withhold information
Kidney (renal) trauma is when a kidney is injured by an outside force. Your kidneys are
guarded by your back muscles and rib cage. But injuries can happen as a result of blunt trauma
or penetrating trauma.
Blunt trauma damage caused by impact from an object that doesn't break the skin
considerations for renal trauma • Renal transplant/nursing management • Post op renal
surgery and complications • Lower UTI • Types of incontinence and treatment • Self-
catheterization
Teaching for ileal conduit Replace bladder cancer, using bowel for urine output. • At risk for
anemia • Malnourished • Acid/base changes • Urine is an acid and is getting absorbed in the
bowel, can lead to metabolic acidosis
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a causative agent in the vast majority of urinary
tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, and infectious complications, which
may result in acute renal failure in healthy individuals as well as in renal transplant patients
,ESWL has been reported to have a low complication rate and a low mortality rate. Most of the
complications include transient gross hematuria, flank pain, and urinary tract infection that
can usually be treated with conservative management.
Shock wave lithotripsy is a way to treat kidney stones without surgery. It is also called
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, or ESWL. This treatment uses sound waves to break
kidney stones into tiny pieces. These pieces can then pass out of the body in the urine.
BPH cause- Hormones from the testis may be the main factor. For example, as men age, the
amount of active testosterone in the blood declines. Estrogen levels stay the same. BPH may
occur when these hormone changes trigger prostate cell growth. • Prostate enlargement which
compresses the urethra and surrounding bladder, which makes it difficult to urinate. • Most
common in males over 50
BPH signs and symptoms • Urine retention (could lead to UTI) • Sensation of incomplete
emptying • Urine frequency and nocturia • Straining to void • Lower back pain • Burning while
urinating • Cloudy/ smelly urine *** frequency of sex and obesity are NOT related to BPH***
BPH treatment • Bladder training, voiding schedule, avoid caffeine • Surgery • Medications
Finasteride (Proscar)- shrinks the prostate
, Doxazosin (Cardura)- Antihypertensive drug and Urinary retention medication. It can treat
urinary problems caused by an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia). It can also
treat high blood pressure when used alone or in combination with other medications.
HPV vaccines Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix
Imiquimod This topical medication helps eliminate warts by boosting the immune system. It
is typically applied at home once a day, three times a week, for up to 16 weeks. You should
avoid sexual contact while using this medication, because it can weaken condoms or vaginal
diaphragms.
Podofilox stops the growth of cells that cause genital warts. It is applied to warts at home
with a cotton swab twice a day for three days, followed by a rest period of four days. This can
be repeated for up to four treatment cycles until the warts go away. Because genital warts may
still be contagious during treatment, sexual contact should be avoided while using this
medication.
Sinecatechins Made from the extract of green tea leaves, these medications are used to
treat warts on the penis, the vulva, and the outside of the anus. The most common side effects
are burning, itching, redness, pain, ulcers, swelling, and rash
Trichloroacetic Acid This medication dissolves genital warts by destroying the proteins in
their cells. It is typically used on small warts on the vulva, vagina, or anus. Because
trichloroacetic acid can damage skin around the wart, it is applied in the doctor's office. The
treatment can be repeated weekly, as needed.