Antwoorden Tactical control H3
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CHAPTER 3
COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS
NOTATION USED IN CHAPTER 3 SOLUTIONS
SP: Selling price
VCU: Variable cost per unit
CMU: Contribution margin per unit
FC: Fixed costs
TOI: Target operating income
3-1 Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis examines the behavior of total revenues, total costs,
and operating income as changes occur in the units sold, selling price, variable cost per unit, or
fixed costs of a product.
3-2 The assumptions underlying the CVP analysis outlined in Chapter 3 are
1. Changes in the level of revenues and costs arise only because of changes in the number
of product (or service) units sold.
2. Total costs can be separated into a fixed component that does not vary with the units sold
and a variable component that changes with respect to the units sold.
3. When represented graphically, the behaviors of total revenues and total costs are linear
(represented as a straight line) in relation to units sold within a relevant range and time
period.
4. The selling price, variable cost per unit, and fixed costs are known and constant.
3-3 Operating income is total revenues from operations for the accounting period minus cost
of goods sold and operating costs (excluding income taxes):
Costs of goods sold and operating
Operating income = Total revenues from operations – costs (excluding income taxes)
Net income is operating income plus nonoperating revenues (such as interest revenue)
minus nonoperating costs (such as interest cost) minus income taxes. Chapter 3 assumes
nonoperating revenues and nonoperating costs are zero. Thus, Chapter 3 computes net income
as:
Net income = Operating income – Income taxes
3-4 Contribution margin is the difference between total revenues and total variable costs.
Contribution margin per unit is the difference between selling price and variable cost per unit.
Contribution-margin percentage is the contribution margin per unit divided by selling price.
3-5 Three methods to express CVP relationships are the equation method, the contribution
margin method, and the graph method. The first two methods are most useful for analyzing
operating income at a few specific levels of sales. The graph method is useful for visualizing the
effect of sales on operating income over a wide range of quantities sold.
3-1
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
geschreven door:
ingevanbeek93
De Marktplaats voor het Kopen en Verkopen van je Samenvattingen
Op Stuvia vind je het grootste aanbod aan samenvattingen en collegeaantekeningen. De
documenten zijn geschreven door jouw medestudenten, specifiek voor jouw opleiding!
www.stuvia.com
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar.
, Stuvia.com - De Marktplaats voor het Kopen en Verkopen van je Samenvattingen
CHAPTER 3
COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS
NOTATION USED IN CHAPTER 3 SOLUTIONS
SP: Selling price
VCU: Variable cost per unit
CMU: Contribution margin per unit
FC: Fixed costs
TOI: Target operating income
3-1 Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis examines the behavior of total revenues, total costs,
and operating income as changes occur in the units sold, selling price, variable cost per unit, or
fixed costs of a product.
3-2 The assumptions underlying the CVP analysis outlined in Chapter 3 are
1. Changes in the level of revenues and costs arise only because of changes in the number
of product (or service) units sold.
2. Total costs can be separated into a fixed component that does not vary with the units sold
and a variable component that changes with respect to the units sold.
3. When represented graphically, the behaviors of total revenues and total costs are linear
(represented as a straight line) in relation to units sold within a relevant range and time
period.
4. The selling price, variable cost per unit, and fixed costs are known and constant.
3-3 Operating income is total revenues from operations for the accounting period minus cost
of goods sold and operating costs (excluding income taxes):
Costs of goods sold and operating
Operating income = Total revenues from operations – costs (excluding income taxes)
Net income is operating income plus nonoperating revenues (such as interest revenue)
minus nonoperating costs (such as interest cost) minus income taxes. Chapter 3 assumes
nonoperating revenues and nonoperating costs are zero. Thus, Chapter 3 computes net income
as:
Net income = Operating income – Income taxes
3-4 Contribution margin is the difference between total revenues and total variable costs.
Contribution margin per unit is the difference between selling price and variable cost per unit.
Contribution-margin percentage is the contribution margin per unit divided by selling price.
3-5 Three methods to express CVP relationships are the equation method, the contribution
margin method, and the graph method. The first two methods are most useful for analyzing
operating income at a few specific levels of sales. The graph method is useful for visualizing the
effect of sales on operating income over a wide range of quantities sold.
3-1
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