Aston University, Birmingham (ASTON)

immunology notes that are in depth. includes extra reading

immunology notes that are in depth

1st class immunology notes providing in depth notes

pre-made in depth immunology notes from an aston university student for bioscience students!

in depth detailed immunology notes already pre-made for you so you dont have to worry! just revise.

preview:• also known as immunoglobulins (Ig) • Ab are the targeted weapons of the adaptive immune system • clear extracellular pathogens and neutralise toxins • produced by activated, effector B lymphocytes (plasma cells) • circulate in plasma and lymph and are found at mucosal surfaces • specific – bind only a single antigen (Ag) • the antibody repertoire is very large – 109-1016 unique molecules • Antibodies are able to clear extracellular pathogens and neutralize t...

• Adaptive immunity is the third line of defence. • It happens after the physical barriers such as tears, skin mucous and stomach acid. • This is followed by innate immunity which is the immune system that is present from birth, this includes soluble mediators such as complement and cytokines in the blood. And also includes a number of cell types that it can immediately recognise and attack pathogens after they have infected our body. • Adaptive immunity • Requires different types ...

preview:First lines of defence • Barriers-skin, mucosal surfaces (epithelial cells) • Prevent entry of pathogens • Mechanical • Chemical • Microbiological • We have got a multi layered defense. • the first lines of defense are always ready for action these are barriers, these are our skin, these are mucosal surfaces, and these prevent the entry of pathogens. • We have barriers that are mechanical, chemical and microbiological. • For mechanical barriers you can se...

preview:• A major haemorrhage can arise due to variety of reasons such as a road traffic accident, GI bleeding, aortic aneurism or surgery for example. • Major haemorrhage and blood loss is the number one preventable cause of death following trauma. • If we take the example of an individual who had 80mls of blood per kg, if they were to lose 40mls of that within less than 3 hours we would class that as a major haemorrhage. • Hypovolaemic shock arises due to a major haemorrhage and due...

preview:• Cross matching forms a key component of blood transfusion – it is ultimately what we do – we are gong to make sure the blood we give to a patient form the donor is compatible. • Many reasons when a blood transfusion is required form being involved in a road traffic accident or surgery (elective surgery where they might need blood) or for a patient that undergoes a major haemorrhage during surgery which was unpredictable and therefore will require lots of blood. Other reasons a...