The University of West London

What causes smallpox and how transmitted? - Cause: a virus Transmitted by: aerosol, contact with contaminated material How did smallpox come to the New World? - Christopher Columbus' second journey (1492), could have came with slaves Smallpox in the Americas prior to 1775 - How prevalent? - numerous smallpox epidemics, depopulated North America Where was inoculation done in the Americas? - Was outlawed in some colonies, was okay in middle colonies. Many military men were inoculated. D...

What is infectious disease surveillance? - Ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of infectious disease-related data coordinated with the timely dissemination of data to those responsible for preventing and controlling the data. Why do surveillance for infectious disease? - - detecting outbreaks - helps evaluate effectiveness of control measures What is involved for infectious disease surveillance? - - the patient - physician - hospital/clinic - county health department - st...

Germ Theory of Disease - idea that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens Early ideas about disease transmission - punishment for sins, miasma, hexes/spells, spontaneous generation miasma - a highly unpleasant or unhealthy smell or vapor Louis Pasteur - A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. -disproved spontaneous generation -vaccines for rabies and anthrax Robert Koch - country doctor ...

Bio warfare - intentional use of disease causing organisms or products of organisms to harm populations to attain military a objective bioterorism - intentional use of disease causing agents or products of organisms to harm humans, other animals, or plants in order to cause civil unrest and panic or to commit a crime Advantages of biological weapons - -Readily available "easy to grow" -inexpensive -highly transportable -not easy detected -Tasteless, odorless, invisible -Suicide "infecto...

High Income - >12.6 thousand per person per year Low Income - <1 thousand per person per year Extreme Poverty - <$1.90 per person per day Poverty line in the US - $25,000 per family of 4 per year Is development linked to better health outcomes? - Yes What is the link between infectious disease burden and economic wealth? Exception? - USUALLY higher per capita GDP and higher life expectancy Exception: 19th century England - : Industrialization led to steady economic gr...

Understand differences between catabolism / anabolism and what these reactions have to do with metabolism - anabolism: simple substances are synthesized, ENDERGONIC, needs input of energy, ex: peptidoglycan, enzymes, exotoxins catabolism: breakdown of complex molecules, EXERGONIC, energy released metabolism needs both, glucose is broken down via catabolism and the energy from that is used to make enzymes via anabolism so that the bacteria can 'eat', anabolic and catabolic reactions are c...

biowarfare - intentional use of disease-causing organisms or products of organisms to infect populations to attain a military objective bioterrorism/biocrime - intentional use of disease-causing organisms or products of organisms to infect humans, animals, or plants in order to cause civil unrest and panic or instigate a crime pontiac's rebellion (french and indian war) - the english used variola-laden (smallpox) blankets in 1763 at fort pitt to subdue indians loyal to the french during t...

The Business Case will provide detailed information on organising a Marathon .This report will clearly indicate the aim, financial requirements, challenges and constraints of organising a marathon. Benefits and Current situations are also indicated in the business case along with the preliminary budget requirements and financial requirements supported with an NPV analysis. The report will highlight requirements, marketing and promotions as well as the potential high risks associated with organi...

Women In Sports will be an organisation looking to raise the standard of Indian women in sports. They will work with recognised and affiliated organisations and work towards creating a platform to recognise and uplift the performance of Indian female athletes worldwide .Their business model will be structured into various categories looking into different verticals of overall athlete development, coach development and for providing better training facilities. Before successfully rolling out thei...

The Indian retail industry is the most powerful and emerging industry. It represents more than 10% of the nation's (GDP). India is primed for growth and worldwide influence due to urbanisation, a young and technology-accepting populace, and growing infrastructure It is possible for Sports Direct to enter India and significantly capitalize on the growing retail space available. This report will examine and explore different factors of retailing in India and look at its competition. By a thoroug...