American University

PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES Topics covered Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor phases ,P-v T behavior of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and charts,Ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state and van der Waals equation of state ,Law of corresponding states, compressibility factor and generalized compressibility chart

Unit 3 S ECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ,Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics:,Concepts of heat engines and heat pumps/refrigerators ,Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence,Reversible and irreversible processes ,Carnot cycle and Carnot principles/theorems ,Thermodynamic temperature scale ,Clausius inequality and concept of entropy ,Microscopic interpretation of entropy ,The principle of increase of entropy ,T-s diagrams ,Second law analysis of control volume ,Availabi...

Unit 2 First Law of thermodynamics,Concept of energy and various forms of energy,Internal energy, enthalpy ,Specific heats ,closed systems and control volumes

Thermodynamics study guide volume 1 ,Continuum and macroscopic approach ,Thermodynamic systems (closed and open) ,Thermodynamic Properties and equilibrium ,State of a system, state postulate for simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths and processes on state diagrams, Concepts of heat and work, different modes of work,Zeroth Law of thermodynamics ,Concept of temperature

Difference between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction in tabular ,What is Fraunhoffer diffraction? ,Major difference between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction ,FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION AT CIRCULAR APERTURE ,

Michelson Morley Experiment ,Experiment of Michelson Morley. ,Michelson Morley Experiment details,,Procedure of Michelson Morley Experiment,Let Us Calculate the Time Taken by the Transmitted Ray to Travel to the Mirror,

Multiple beam interferometry ,Interferometers ,Different types of interferometers. ,Mach–Zehnder Interferometer.,Michelson Interferometer ,Fabry–Pérot Interferometer ,Sagnac Interferometer ,Common-path Interferometers ,Fiber Interferometers ,Fiber Interferometer ,Physical Principles of Interferometers ,Uses of Interferometers ,Influence of noise

Double Refraction optics,Double refraction or birefringence ,Geometric of calcite crystal ,Optic axis ,Principal section and principal plane ,Huygen’s explanation of double refraction in uniaxial crystal ,Positive and negative crystals ,Nicol prism,Action of polarizer on light of different type of polarizations ,Huygen’s construction for uni axial crystals ,Double images polarizing prisms ,Dichroism or selective absorption ,Polaroids and their uses ,Polarization by scattering

PART 1 TEN IMPORTANT LAWS IN PHYSICS ,AMPRE’S LAW IN PHYSICS, ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE IN PHYSICS,AVOGADRO’S LAW IN PHYSICS,Boyle’s law ,Curie-Weiss Law Explanation,Hooke’s Law,Joule's Law ,Kirchhoff’s First Law Equation ,LAMBERT’S COSINE LAW.,Moseley Law,

The Polarization of Light OPTICS ,INTRODUCTION TO POLARIZATION OF LIGHT.,TYPES OF POLARIZATION,CONCEPT OF PLANE POLARIZED LIGHT. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF POLARIZED LIGHT,PLANE OF VIBRATION & POLARIZATION OF POLARIZED LIGHT.METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF POLE POLARIZED LIGHT ,PLANE POLARIZED LIGHT METHOD OF PRODUCTION ,PLANE POLARIZED LIGHT BY REFLECTION,CIRCULARLY AND ELIPTICALLY POLARIZED LIGHT,MALU’S LAW.BREWSTER LAW.