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TABLE 14-1 Common Physiological Changes with Aging at a Glance Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th Edition SYSTEM COMMON CHANGES Integumentary Loss of skin elasticity with fat loss in extremities, pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy (oil, moisture, sweat glands), thinning hair, with hair turning gray-white (facial hair: decreased in men, increased in women), slower nail growth, atrophy of epidermal arterioles Respiratory Decreased cough reflex; decreased cilia; increased anterior-posterior...

Colonoscopy • An endoscopic examination of the entire colon uses a colonoscope inserted into the rectum. • Preparation is similar to that for barium enema: clear liquids the day before and then some form of bowel cleanser such as GoLytely. Enemas until clear are also common. • Light sedation is required Flexible Sigmoidoscopy • An examination of the interior of the sigmoid colon with a flexible or rigid lighted tube. • Preparation is similar to that for a barium enema or col...

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan):  SE: Hemorrhagic cystitis  Give Mensa beforehand to protect bladder  SE: SIADH – watch for hyponatremia Cisplatin (platinol­Oxaliplatin):  Nephrotoxic & ototoxic (to whisper test)  Cold sensitivity (wears jacket when its warm out) Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) RED DEVIL  SE: Severe Cardio Toxicity.  Echo & ejection fraction needs to be WNL  Know S/S of Heart Failure.  SE: Severe Bone marrow suppression, mucositis.  Very toxic (c...

Rheumatology  Connective tissue disease (CTD) major focus  Non-inflammatory or inflammatory  Rheumatic disease = any disease/ condition involving musculoskeletal system  Arthritis = inflammation of one or more joints  Non-inflammatory localized arthritis (osteoarthritis) is not systemic, not an autoimmune disease  Inflammatory arthritis: o Rheumatoid arthritis o Systemic lupus erythematosus o Autoimmune disease Joint Changes in Degenerative Joint Disease Osteoarthr...