The City College Of New York

Exam (elaborations) AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME 2020 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that ev...

Introduction Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most common type of blood cells and the vertebrate’s primary means of delivering oxygen to the cells of the body through the blood. The cells are composed of hemoglobin, a molecule that binds to oxygen and also carries some of the carbon dioxide produced in the tissue back to the lungs. The red color of erythrocytes is also the result of hemoglobin, which consists of iron and protein; increase or decrease in the concentration of hemoglo...

1. A specialized site of contact of one neuron with another neuron (or effector) is known as a a. neuron. b. receptor–neurotransmitter complex. c. muscle. d. membrane. e. synapse. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 327 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following transmits information the fastest? a. Ionotropic EPSP b. Metabotropic IPSP c. Electrical synapse d. Fast EPSP e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: Synaptic Transmission Is Usu...

1. During high speed swimming, many fish rely on a method of ventilation called a. ram ventilation. b. opercular pumping ventilation. c. the opercular suction pump. d. buccal pressure pumping ventilation. e. the buccal suction pump. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 583 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of external respiration? a. The process of CO2 production and O2 consumption during aerobic metabolism b. Bulk f...

1. Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and generates _______ NADH molecules. a. cytosol; 4 b. cytosol; 2 c. mitochondria; 2 d. mitochondria; 4 e. nucleus; 2 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Mechanisms of ATP Production and Their Implications, p. 184 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. The enzyme _______ is needed to convert phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid. a. hexokinase b. phosphofructokinase c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase d. enolase e. pyruvate kinase Answer: e ...

1. Which of the following statements about the kidneys is false? a. They produce and eliminate aqueous solutions derived from the blood plasma. b. They include tubular structures that discharge product to the outside world. c. They produce and eliminate watery solutions derived from the extracellular fluid. d. They excrete solutes dissolved in water. e. They produce urine that contains high levels of creatinine, which is a direct product of lipid metabolism. Answer: e Textbook Reference:...

1. The process of _______ arises from the molecular agitation that exists in all systems above absolute zero and the tendency for such agitation to carry more molecules out of regions of relatively high concentration than into these regions. a. solute affinity b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. diffusion e. osmosis Answer: d Textbook Reference: Passive Solute Transport by Simple Diffusion, p. 101 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Outward diffusion of a substance from ...

1. Marine teleosts that live in the ocean where the seawater has an osmotic pressure of 800 mOsm have an osmotic pressure of _______ mOsm. a. 900 b. 850 c. 800 d. 600 e. 500 Answer: e Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 717 Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 2. If the osmolarity of freshwater is 100 mOsm, the freshwater animals would regulate their blood to an osmolarity of about _______ mOsm. a. 70 b. 80 c. 90 d. 100 e. 120 Answer: e Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater, p....

1. Which of the following statements about the kidneys is false? a. They produce and eliminate aqueous solutions derived from the blood plasma. b. They include tubular structures that discharge product to the outside world. c. They produce and eliminate watery solutions derived from the extracellular fluid. d. They excrete solutes dissolved in water. e. They produce urine that contains high levels of creatinine, which is a direct product of lipid metabolism. Answer: e Textbook Reference:...

Chapter 27: Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms 1. Larger crustaceans, such as a blue crab, have an exoskeleton impregnated with a. cellulose. b. calcium. c. phospholipids. d. proteoglycans. e. glycolipids. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 699 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. The purpose of taking excess water into the body during the process of molting is to a. swell the body to fight off predators. b. provide structural rigidity. c. increase t...