- Samenvattingen en Aantekeningen

Access to Health Care correct answer The goal of a primary health care system is to make health care available in close proximity to people who need it, and to ensure that it be comprehensive with flexible cost to accommodate the income variations of the individuals who use those services --> PHN advocate for improved access to health care services --> PHN can help shift the focus of the health care system from acute treatment of disease to primary prevention measures, in order to decre...

correct answer **Conducting Studies Studies are conducted in an attempt to discover associations between an exposure or risk factor and a health outcome To test hypotheses, three study designs are commonly used, including the cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control approach. correct answer **Descriptive and Analytic Epidemiology Descriptive epidemiology (WHEN, WHERE< WHO) When was the population affected? Where was the population affected? Who was affected? Analytic e...

A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which of the following best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency? a. Relative risk factor b. Agent factor c. Environment factor d. Host factor correct answer B. Agent factor Nutritional deficiencies are included under agent factors. Although too much of an agent can cause disease (such as obesity related to diabetes), so can too little of an agent. Relative risk indicates the extent of exc...

100 students eat lunch in Hogan Dining Hall on Wednesday and 15 become ill with diarrhea and vomiting by the evening. Calculate the crude attack rate and type your answer as a %. correct answer CAR = (# ill * 100) / # attending CAR = (15 * 100) / 100 CAR = 15% A person or animal in which a parasite or infectious agent lives is called which of the following? A. Host B. Agent C. Vehicle D. Vector correct answer A. Host According to Donabedian (1973), which of the following represen...

"Tools of epidemiology" used by community health nurses -Epidemiology is used to: (5) correct answer 1. provide baseline information 2. identify problems 3. design strategies to evaluate problems 4. develop plan of care 5. evaluate care Agent correct answer element/force that can initiate a health problem Attack rate correct answer measure of the probability that people without a certain condition will develop the condition within a period of time -similar to incidence rate ...

A community health nurse is caring for a client who tested positive for an infectious disease but is not yet exhibiting manifestations. Which of the following stages of illness in the natural history of disease model is the client in? A. incubation period B. stage of susceptibility C. stage of critical illness D. stage of recovery, disability, or death correct answer A. incubation period A community health nurse is creating a handout for clients on methods to naturally enhance their i...

analytical epidemiology correct answer causes, or determinants of health and illness case control studies correct answer subjects defined on the presence of absence of outcome of interest case report correct answer single occurrence of noteworthy health related incident or small group of incidences causal interference correct answer using statistical modeling to predict a health outcome, not necessarily causal relationship cohort studies correct answer population or group followed ov...

-1 or +1 deviations away from the mean correct answer 34.13% and 68.26% -2 or +2 deviations away from the mean correct answer 13.59% and 95.44% -3 or +3 deviations away from the mean correct answer 2.14% and 99.72% "Gender" is considered which type of variable? correct answer nominal (T/F) A spot map is useful in identifying the geographic distribution of illness AND environmental factors that could explain the cause of disease correct answer true (T/F) Descriptive epidemiol...

200 babies were followed from birth to age five to determine if those whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were more likely to have respiratory infections in the first five years of life than those whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The findings supported the investigators' assumption that smoking during pregnancy increases the frequency of respiratory infections in young children. correct answer Prospective Cohort A disease outbreak is called a pandemic when it spreads across ...

A 2007 study examined HIV infection among 1,500 incoming prisoners at the Rahway Correctional Facility. Of the entering inmates, 42 tested positive for HIV. The same study population was again tested for HIV after each inmate was incarcerated for one year, in 2008. Two of the inmates who were originally HIV negative now tested positive. What is the period prevalence of HIV for (the entire period of the study)? correct answer (42+2)/(1,500) *100 A 2007 study examined HIV infection among 1,50...