NURSING 101 (Summary Summary Marilyn Hughes Age: 45 years Diagnosis: Lower Leg Fracture Complete Log.)

What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? a. Idiopathic c. Pathologic b. Incomplete d. Greenstick ANS: C Only a pathologic fracture is a break at the site of a preexisting abnormality, usually by force that would not fracture a normal bone. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1541 2. Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive? a. St...

. Pricking oneÕs finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing abdominal surgery would produce more pain. This distinction is an example of which pain theory? a. Gate control theory c. Specificity theory b. Intensity theory d. Pattern theory ANS: C According to the specificity theory, a direct relationship exists between the intensity of pain and the extent of tissue injury. The remaining options are not related to the intensity of perceived pain. PTS: 1 REF: Page 48...

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): a. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens b. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person c. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease d. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens ANS: C Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of hypersensitivity. ...

What unique factor causes adolescent girls to have a high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? a. They are in an experimental phase with sexual intercourse and believe they are resistant to developing STIs. b. The adolescent cervix is immature and lacks immunity. c. The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents, allowing a greater concentration of microorganisms within the internal genitalia. d. In adolescent girls, the anus to the vaginal introitus are in close proximi...

. Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)? a. Ascending c. Somatic b. Descending d. Efferent ANS: A Peripheral nerve pathways can be afferent (ascending) pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS. The remaining options do not carry sensory information to the CNS. PTS: 1 REF: Page 448 2. Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate? a. Large nonmyelinated c. Small nonmyelinated b. Large myelinated d. Small myelinated...

1. Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens? a. Langerhans cells c. Keratinocytes b. Merkel cells d. Melanocytes ANS: A Langerhans cells (a type of dendritic cell) and dermal dendritic cells initiate an immune response by presenting processed antigen to T cells, thus providing a defense against environmental antigens. This function is not true of the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1617 2. Which cells of the dermis r...

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult? a. An adultÕs chest wall compliance is lower than an infantÕs. b. An adultÕs chest wall compliance is higher than an infantÕs. c. An adultÕs chest wall compliance is the same as an infantÕs. d. An adultÕs chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infantÕs. ANS: A Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in premature infants. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1292 2. Why is nasal ...

Which characteristic among women correlates with a high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? a. Women older than 45 years of age b. Women who have never had children c. Women who have a high body mass index D. Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years ANS: C A recent hypothesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. No current research suppo...

1. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: a. Medulla c. Pyramids b. Cortex d. Columns ANS: B The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320 2. What is the functional unit of the kidney called? a. Glomerulus c. Collecting duct b. Nephron d. Pyramid ANS: B The nephron is the function...

1. In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: a. Disruption in the hypothalamus c. Deficit in estrogen or testosterone b. Disruption of the pituitary d. Physiologic hormonal delays ANS: D In 95% of children with delayed puberty, the delay is physiologic; that is, hormonal levels are normal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is intact, but maturation is slowly happening. This option is the only answer that accurately describes the most common cause of d...