Biology 1404 2023 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review [Level A+] Questions and Answers 2023
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-Homologus Isolation Fossils - -preserved remains of ancient organisms 
 
-Georgraphic Isolation - -Population of speices becomes seporated by a physical boreder (mountains, rivers, land, etc.) 
 
- -structures that have diffrent mature forms but develop from same embryonic tissue 
 
-Temporal - -Isolated by time (open flower in winter, open flower in spring) 
 
-James Hutton - -Geologist who said that the forces that shaped the Earth took place over long periods of time, so the Earth had to be ...
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Biology 1404 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers 2023
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What features are common to all living organisms? - -enclosed by a membrane 
presence of cytoplasm 
presence of DNA 
presence of ribosomes 
 
-How do electrons behave when they absorb or lose energy? - -Electrons move to higher or lower shells by absorbing (higher) or releasing (lower) energy 
 
-What is a nonpolar covalent bond? - -The atoms share the electrons equally 
 
-What is a polar covalent bond? - -One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally (crea...
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BIO 1404 Practical 2 Molecular Biology 2023 with complete solution questions and answers
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what do biologist use to characterize and manipulate DNA molecules? how are sticky ends usefull in DNA fragments? 
restriction endonuclease;;;;; because DNA fragment from different sources but with the same complementary ends can be pasted together to form new hybrid molecules 
 
 
 
what is pBR322, that we used in lab? 
a plasmid which are small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and yeast 
 
 
 
we did we do in lab to the pBR322 plasmid? 
we digested it in 3 different restriction enzymes ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 4-7 Review[211581]2023
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acetyl CoA - -Is formed when pyruvate first enters into the mitochondria via active transport. 
 
-aerobic respiration - -Respiration that requires oxygen 
 
-anaerobic - -Process that does not require oxygen 
 
-anaerobic cellular respiration - -the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen 
 
-ATP synthase - -Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP 
 
-chemiosmosis - -the use of energy in a H+ g...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 8-11 Review 2023
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entire organism - -In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the __________. 
 
-Cell division - -_________ enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed. 
 
-Mitosis - -When does tissue repair occur? 
 
-Mitosis - -When does embryonic happen? 
 
-Mitosis - -When does development occur? 
 
-Mitosis - -When does tissue turnover (renewal) occur? 
 
-Meiosis - -When does reproduction occur? 
 
-Germ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17, 21 Review 2023
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what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. 
 
-in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U 
 
-in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big 
 
-the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review (Distinction Level)Questions and Answers 2023
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Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages 
 - transcription 
 - translation 
 
-Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA 
- produces messenger RNA (mRNA) 
 
-Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA 
 
-Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation 
 
-Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) 
 
-Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17, 21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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Which of the following can regulate protein expression in a cell? 
A. mRNA degredation 
B. Protein degredation 
C. RNA processing - -All of the above 
 
-Alternative RNA splicing allows for: - -Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript 
 
-An operon may consist of which of the following: 
A. Promoter 
B. Genes 
C. Regulatory gene - -A & B: A promotor and genes 
 
-What is a protein produced by a regulatory gene? - -A repressor 
 
-For a repressible operon to be trans...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023
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The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? - -degeneracy 
 
-How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? - -36 
 
-Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? - -Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. 
 
-Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription? - -σ 
 
-The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________. ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 4-7 Review 2023
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A nucleosome is formed by - -the winding of DNA around histone proteins 
 
-Fertilization results in - -a zygote, a diploid cell, and a cell with new genetic combinations 
 
-Adenylyl cyclase uses ___ as a substrate to synthesize ___ - -ATP; cAMP 
 
-Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? - -telophase 
 
-Activated steroid hormone receptors are also - -transcription factors 
 
-Which of the following chemical signaling ...
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