Openstax psychology - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Openstax Psychology Chapter 8 Key Terms and Definitions Tip-of the-tongue phenomenon Retrieval failure Recognition identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue Recall accessing information without cues What are the 3 basic memory Processes? Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval Encoding input of information into the memory system Storage creation of a permanent record of information Retrieval act of getting information out of long-term memory ...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 10 Key Terms and Definitions Motivation wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal Intrinsic motivation arising from internal factors; performed because of the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring Extrinsic motivation arising from external factors; motivated behaviors performed in order to receive something from others Over justification effect intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given; this can lead to extinguishing the ...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 9 Key Terms and Definitions Accommodation adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known Adolescence period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood Adrenarche maturing of the adrenal glands Assimilation adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known Attachment long-standing connection or bond with others Authoritarian parenting style parents pla...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 7 Key Terms and Definitions Algorithm problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions Analytical intelligence aligned with academic problem solving and computations Anchoring bias faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution Artificial concept concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics Availability heuristic faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information re...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 16 Key Terms and Definitions Asylum institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders Aversive conditioning counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior Behavior therapy therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors Biomedical therapy treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological d...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 5 Key Terms and Definitions Organizing information into meaningful pattern is known as Perception What is the tympanic Membrane? Ear Drum This theory states that hearing works on the belief that pitch depends on the rate of response in which neurons fire in synch with signals from sound waves. Frequency Theory This theory states that hearing works on the belief that different frequencies of air waves activate different locations on the basilar membrane Place theory ...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 2 Key Terms and Definitions Prefrontal Lobotomy example of what happens when we rely on our subjective impressions; brain damage before and after the surgery remained the same Heuristics mental shortcuts or rules of thumb Healthy Skpeticism strive to think critically about information we encounter (regardless of the source) Facts observable realities Opinions personal judgements, conclusions, or attitudes Theory a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanat...

OpenStax Psychology Multiple Choice Questions with Correct Answers Proven 100% Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed? a. critical thinking b. use of the scientific method c. critical evaluation of sources of information d. all of the above - D. All of the above Psyche is a Greek word meaning ________. a. essence b. soul c. behavior d. love - B. Soul Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of t...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 6 Key Terms and Definitions Acquisition period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response Associative learning form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning) Classical conditioning learning in which...

Openstax Psychology Chapter 4 Key Terms and Definitions Alpha Wave a tiny wave at the start of the sleep cycle where humans are fully awake Beta Wave a small wave that follows alpha waves in NREM-1 in which humans are still awake but getting more drowsy Biological Rhythm Internal rhythms of biological activity Circadian Rhythm Biological rhythm takes place over 24-hour period, sleep-wake cycle, linked to natural light-dark cycle (controlled by the hypothalamus-specifically regarding melatonin ...