Bio 212 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Which characteristic of a cell most influences the rate of movement of materials into and out of the cell? Surface Area Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________. less surface area per unit of volume When are my office hours? Monday through Thursday 1-2pm, but you can make alternative arrangements. In class, we discussed many examples of why a high surface area to volume ratio is an advantage to organisms. The mammal outer surface in a very cold environment co...

evolution change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation descent with modification the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring Microevolution evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period. genetic drift random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations natural selection A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. Mutation...

Starting at the resting potential of a neuron, if K+ and Na+ were suddenly allowed to freely cross the membrane, K+ would move ______ and Na+ would move _______ following their concentration gradients. A. Out of the cell; out of the cell B. Into the cell; into the cell C. Out of the cell; into the cell D. Into the cell; out of the cell C. Out of the cell; into the cell Initiation of an action potential involves: A. Membrane hyperpolarization B. K+ channel opening C. K+ channel closing D. Na+ ch...

The sequence of one strand of DNA is shown below. Which of the following is the sequence of its complementary strand? 3′ ATTTGGCC 5′ 5' TAAACCGG 3' DNA polymerases are enzymes that build DNA. They catalyze ____ reactions leading to the formation of ____ bonds. condensation; phosphodiester A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have -------. T4 protein and T4 DNA Which ...

If a reaction is exergonic, then which of these statements is true? a) The products have lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants. b) The reaction always occurs quickly. c) Energy must be added for the reaction to proceed. d) The products have lower entropy (are more ordered) than the reactants. a) The products have lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants. What is a transition state? a) the structure of an enzyme when an allosteric regulatory molecule binds to it b)the shape adopted ...

acromial - shoulder antecubitis - inside elbow axilla - armpit brachium - upper arm bucca - cheek cephalon - head cervicis - neck cranium - skull crus - leg below knee digits/phalanges - fingers and toes facies - face femoral - upper leg gluteal - butt hallux - big toe inguen - groin lumbus - lower back mentis - chin oculus - eye oris - mouth otic/auris - ear palma - palm planta - sole of foot pollex - thumb popliteus - back of...

What filaments maintain cell shape (pull), divide animal cells into 2, ad move organelles/ cytoplasm (2 coiled strands)? Actin filaments (microfilaments) What filaments maintain cell shape (pull) and anchor the nucleus (fibers wound into thick cables)? Intermediate filaments What filaments maintain cell shape (push), move cells with flagella or cilia, and move chromosome through cell division (hollowed tube)? Microtubules What are the subunits of actin? Actin molecules (globular proteins) Wh...

Which organelle contains most of a cell's DNA?Nucleus Which organelle carries out cellular respiration?Mitochondria What is composed of DNA and protein?Chromatin Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the...Nucleolus Where does protein synthesis occur?Ribosomes What manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?Rough endoplasmic reticulum The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.Plasma...

Enveloped Virus A virus that has a membranous outer covering over its capsid Role of viral surface protein/spikes Provides means of attachment to host cell surface Possible configurations of viral nucleic acids --single-stranded DNA --double-stranded DNA RNA hybrid --double-stranded DNA circular --single-stranded RNA, positive-sense --single-stranded RNA, negative-sense --double-stranded RNA How are cytopathic effects detected? examining infected cells with a microscope what describes a bact...

The amount of depolarization or hyperpolarization of the sensory receptor is ________ the intensity of the stimulus A) equal to B) greater than C) proportional to D) less than E) unaffected by proportional to Compare the response times of the two major systems of internal communication (Nervous and Endocrine). Nervous- rapid electrical response Endocrine- slow hormonal response On the basis of structure and function, distinguish among types of chemical messengers/signals. Hormone- long range...