Cardiac output equation - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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Hemodynamics CCRN Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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Cardiac output equation 
 -:- CO = HR x SV 
Components of stroke volume 
 -:- Preload 
 Afterload 
 Contractility 
Preload components 
 -:- CVP (right ventricular) - central venous pressure 
PAOP (left ventricular) - pulmonary artery occlusive pressure 
Afterload components 
 -:- PVR (right ventricular) - pulmonary vascular resistance 
SVR (left ventricular) - systemic vascular resistance 
2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 
 
Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not...
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RCIS Exam Review Exam Questions With Answers
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RCIS Exam Review Exam Questions With Answers 
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? 
CO = HR x SV 
 
 
Stroke volume is _________? 
Related to preload 
 
 
Preload is most impacted by what? 
Increased filling volumes 
 
 
A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate what? 
Increased afterload 
 
 
Vascular resistance/pressure is most influenced by what? 
Radius of the vessel 
 
 
The formula for BP is what? 
BP = CO x SVR 
 
 
What component of a PCWP indicates M...
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PCCN EXAM Questions With 100% Verified Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 (GRADED)
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PCCN EXAM Questions With 100% Verified Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 (GRADED) A post-STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction) patient is started on an 
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor during his hospital stay. Which of the 
following is the most common serious side effect that may occur? 
A. a nonproductive cough 
B. pedal edema 
C. swelling of the tongue and face 
D. rhinorrhea 
C. swelling of the tongue and face 
Although all of the answers may occur, swelling og the tongue a...
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CCT PRACTICE| 192 Questions| With Complete Solutions
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What is ISCHEMIA correct answer: lack of O2 or blood flow to the heart 
 
EKG with Ischemia correct answer: inverted t wave 
 
What is STROKE VOLUME correct answer: amount of blood heart is pumping out with each beat 
 
What is CARDIAC OUTPUT 
(SV x HR = CO) correct answer: the amount of blood pumping out with each beat 
 
Equation for 
Cardiac Output correct answer: SV x HR = CO 
 
Equation for 
Pulse Pressure correct answer: Systolic BP - Diastolic BP= PP 
 
Double Product measures what...
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Formulas for echocardiography
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= (SV/EDV) · 100% Correct Answer-EF% 
 
(LVEDD - LVESD / LVEDD) x 100 Correct Answer-FS % 
 
= EDV - ESV Correct Answer-SV 
 
= SV · HR Correct Answer-CO 
 
CO/BSA Correct Answer-Cardiac index or CI 
 
diameter² x 0.78540 Correct Answer-CSA 
 
CSA₁ · VTI₁ = CSA₂ · VTI₂ Correct Answer-Continuity Equation 
 
CSA₁ · VTI₁/VTI₂ or LVOT diameter² x 0.78540 x LVOT VTI/AV VTI Correct Answer-AVA (or CSA₂) using the continuity equation 
 
Cardiac Output / (Heart Rate x Systolic Ejec...
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Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
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What is the equation for cardiac output? - CO = HR x SV 
What is preload? - the heart is being stretched out 
What does preload reflect? - how much fluid is in the heart 
What is afterload? - resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood 
Example of increased preload - CHF 
Example of increased afterload - hypertension 
What is blood pressure? - force of blood against vessel walls 
What is systolic blood pressure? - amount of pressure generated by the left ventricle to distribute 
blood ...
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PCCN EXAM Questions With 100% Verified Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 (GRADED)
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PCCN EXAM Questions With 100% Verified Answers Latest Update 2024/2025 (GRADED) Coronary artery perfusion is dependent upon: 
A. diastolic pressure 
B. systolic pressure 
C. afterload 
D. systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 
A. diastolic pressure 
Diastolic pressure in the aortic root is higher than left ventricular end-diastolic 
pressure (LVEDP), the pressure exerted on the ventricular muscle at the end of 
diastole when the ventricle is full. This enables blood to flow from a higher pressure 
...
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Rasmussen College: Nursing 3: Final Exam questions and answers
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Hs & Ts: 
List the Ts - ANSWER-- Tension Pneumo 
- Toxin 
- Tamponade 
- Trauma 
- Thrombosis (Pulmonary & Cardiac) 
(Tense Toxic Tampon Trauma / Thrombosis X2) 
CO = ? 
(Cardiac Output) 
*What's the Equation? - ANSWER-SV X HR 
(Stroke Volume X Heart Rate) 
Define SV (Stroke Volume) - ANSWER-The Volume of Blood Pumped per Heart Beat 
Define CO - ANSWER-The Volume of Blood Pumped per Minute 
Increased HR = ?CO - ANSWER-Decreased CO 
The Most Common Cause of Cardiogenic Shock is What? - ANSWER-MI...
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Cardiovascular - Barron's CCRN Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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etiology of aneurysms - arteriosclerosis 
HTN 
smoking/obesity 
bacterial infections 
congenital defects 
Trauma 
Marfan's syndrome (connective tissue disorder) 
what other defect can cause systolic murmurs? - ventricular septal defect (heard on the left 
sternal border) 
relievers for Unstable angina? what do labs look like? ECG? - Nitroglycerin. Troponin negative. ST 
depression or T wave inversion. 
what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't change? - This = narrowi...
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WCU - PHYS 261 FINAL EXAM LATEST ANSWERS 2023
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WCU - PHYS 261 FINAL EXAM LATEST ANSWERS 2023. Nucleic acids are polymers of units called 
A) ribose. 
B) bases. 
C) fatty acids. 
D) amino acids. 
E) nucleotides. 
6) Cell membranes are said to be 
A) actively permeable. 
B) impermeable. 
C) freely permeable. 
D) selectively permeable. 
E) none of the above 
7) In humans, only __________ cells have flagella. 
A) sperm 
B) intestine lining 
C) stomach lining 
D) respiratory tract lining 
E) two of the above 
8) The addition of a phosphate group ...
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