Praxis 5442 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

1. Which of the following characteristics is most important in demonstrating that a hypothesis should be called a theory? a. It interprets an observation. b. It applies to a narrow range of phenomena. c. It summarizes the most recent work of a scientists. d. It provides an explanation for the results of many experiments. d. it provides an explanation for the results of many experiments. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a set of observations further experiments are conducted to ...

Passive transport movement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy Active transport movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires energy Diffusion movement of materials from an area where they are crowded to where they are not crowded Osmosis the diffusion of water Cellular respiration the process that cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugar. Chlorophyll light absorbing pigment that traps energy in sunlight Cells the basic building b...

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. John Dalton Proposed elements were made of atoms; this theory is the Atomic Theory of Matter. Sir Joseph John (J.J.) Thompson Discovered electrons; pictured electrons embedded with protons. Ernest Rutherford Atoms have positive nucleus; electrons orbit in empty space. Sir James Chadwick Existence of neutrons in the nucleus. Physical Property The way something looks, feels, smells, and tastes. Physical Change Any change to the ph...

Atomic Structure An atom is a complex arrangement of negatively charged electrons arranged in defined shells about a positively charged nucleus. This nucleus contains most of the atom's mass and is composed of protons and neutrons (except for common hydrogen which has only one proton). All atoms are roughly the same size Protons Positively charged particles found within atomic nuclei Neutrons A subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present i...

Cell Basic unit of life Organelle Parts of a cell ("organ" of the cell system) Nucleus a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes. Pores in the nuclear membrane allow for the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Mitochondria a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate, used as a source of chemical energy. Chloroplasts organelles that conduct photosyn...

Motion In Physics, this is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position over time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed, and time. Distance & Displacement a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion. Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall change in position. Speed In everyday use and in kinema...

The process skill of concluding Making a determination based on the results of a controlled experiment A chemistry experiment is performed to determine the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the boiling point of water. Three trials are performed in which 10mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg of salt are added to 500 ml of distilled water. Each solution is heated on a hot plate, and the elevated boiling points are recorded. Which of the following correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables? T...

The process skill of concluding Making a determination based on the results of a controlled experiment A chemistry experiment is performed to determine the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the boiling point of water. Three trials are performed in which 10mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg of salt are added to 500 ml of distilled water. Each solution is heated on a hot plate, and the elevated boiling points are recorded. Which of the following correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables? T...