Toll like receptor - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

HMX Immunology Final Exam with 100% Correct Answers . One of the most important advances in surgery arrived near the end of the nineteenth century. The British surgeon Joseph Lister hypothesized that using techniques to sterilize surgical tools and clean the skin at the site of the incision would reduce surgical site infections. Years later, Dr. Lister wrote this: "Nothing was formerly more striking in surgical experience than the difference in the behavior of injuries according to whether...

PIONEER ISBBCross-reactivity A phenomenon that occurs when an antibody reacts with antigen that is structurally similar to the original antigen that induced antibody production Karl Landsteiner This person Immunized rabbits with haptens attached to a carrier molecule and then tested the serum to measure how the antibodies produced reacted with different haptens Ability of the individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions Characteristic of natural imm...

23.a Identify areas of the human body colonized by microbes and areas that remain sterile; explain why there are different types of microbes in the microbiota of different areas of the body. Areas of the body that are colonized by microbes: Skin -Mostly gram-positive species such as Staphylococcus epidemidis, Bacillus species, and Propionibacterium ances Oral & nasal cavities -Non-pathogenic Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas g...

Which property of the adaptive immune system ensures that distinct antigens elicit responses that target those antigens? - ANSWER-specificity Which property of the adaptive immune system enables it to respond to a large variety of antigens? - ANSWER-diversity ____________ is an enhanced adaptive immunity response exposures to the same antigens. - ANSWER-Immune memory A fibrotic mass of macrophages that surrounds & walls off the source of inflammation is known as _________. - ANSWER-Gran...

Which of the following receptor types are used by the immune system to sense bacterial lipopolysaccharide? correct answer: Toll-like receptors Which of the following cytokines are not produced by dendritic cells upon pathogen receptor ligation? correct answer: Interleukin-2 Neutrophils can kill phagocytosed bacteria using: correct answer: All of the above - 1) Reactive oxygen species 2) Reactive nitrogen species 3) Defensins 4) Proteolytic enzymes The B cell antigen receptor is c...

Fluid & Electrolytes Quiz 1 Questions and answers 1. Papilledema indicates • Increased intracranial pressure 2. Hypocalcemia will result in which of the following signs & symptoms: • Neuromuscular excitability & spasms, intestinal cramping, & tingling 3. Where is most of the Na+ in our bodies found? • Extracellular fluid 4. Colloid osmotic pressure is pressure created by: • Only the protein in fluid 5. The effect of hypocalcemia on the neuromuscular system is: • I...

NURS 5315 TEST 2 ELSEVIER QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2023. Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response? A. Inflammatory response is the third line of defense. B. Inflammatory response relies on cellular components only C. Inflammatory response generates a nonspecific response. Correct The inflammatory response is the second line of defense. It occurs at the site of tissue injury and generates a nonspecific response that involves cellular and chemical components. The inflammator...

NURS 5315 TEST 2 ELSEVIER QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2023. Which complement factor is considered an anaphylatoxin? A. C3a Correct C3a, C5a, and C4a are anaphylatoxins. They can induce the rapid degranulation of mast cells and the release of histamine. B. C1 C. C7 D. C9 Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4.ID: 98 Which receptor is expressed on macrophages and facilitates recognition and phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens? A. Complement receptors B. Scavenger receptors Corr...

Test Bank for Clinical Immunology and Serology a Laboratory Perspective 4th Edition By Christine Dorresteyn Stevens Linda E. miller Chapter 1-24 Latest Guide The germinal centers found in the cortical region of lymph nodes and the peripheral region of splenic periarteriolar lymphatic tissue: Balance between TH1 and TH2 cell activation determines outcome of intracellular infections. Thus, in case of Mycobacterium leprae infection: The initiation of T cell responses requires multiple receptor...

The initiation of T cell responses requires multiple receptors on the T cells recognizing ligands on APCs. The MHC molecule located around the peptide-binding cleft is recognized by the: - answer-CD4 or CD8 molecules The edema occurring in the inflammatory process is the result of all the following factors EXCEPT: - answer-neural impulse by the sympathetic system and vasoconstriction Toll-Like Receptors (TLR): - answer-recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on selective m...