Genetics exam stuvia - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What are deleterious genes and list one example - ANSWER -alleles whose phenotype results in significantly reduced fitness of an animal; Dexter cattle - short legs Genetics - ANSWER -The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. Gregor Mendel is often referred to as - ANSWER -"Father of Genetics" What plant did Gregor Mendel study? - ANSWER -peas Why was Mendel more successful than other researchers? (what were they looking for or at differently) - ANSWER -1. Picked ea...

In 1944, the age of molecular genetics was born when... - ANSWER- Avery, McCarthy and McCloud showed that DNA was the material that determined the genetic difference between smooth and rough pneumococci. What is the hallmark of the science of molecular genetics? - ANSWER- The isolation and use of mutant microorganisms carrying stable, heritable variations from the normal or wild-type strain. What was the basic approach used to deduce biochemical synthetic pathways? - ANSWER- To isolate mut...

Warren Weaver - ANSWER - -termed molecular biology -1938 -figured out how genes and proteins were working together -not a technique, but an approach molecular biology - ANSWER - -branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity Lodolce definition of molecular biology - ANSWER - -the study of the tiny sized (molecular) tools used by the cell to do work/make proteins (enzymes) -includes molecules that regulate processes of central dogma transmission geneti...

Trait -ANSWER_ Any characteristic that an organism displays Genomic imprinting -ANSWER_ A segment of DNA is marked and the effect is maintained throughout the life of the organism inheriting the marked DNA Maternal Effect -ANSWER_ The genotype of the mother directly determines the phenotype of her offspring. Test cross -ANSWER_ Mating between an individual that is heterozygous for two or more genes and one that is homozygous recessive for the same genes Crossing over -ANSWER_ Non sis...

Gregor Mendel (1865-1866) - ANSWER- Using pea plants he observed what he called the Laws of Heredity: 1. Law of Segregation - there is one gene per sex cell, so we have to genes, one from each parent. 2. Law of Independent Assortment - traits are inherited independently, found to be untrue for all (linkage). 3. Law of Dominance - there are recessive and dominant traits, not all of them. Thomas Morgan (1910) - ANSWER- Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: 1. Sex chromosomes 2. Chromosome pair...

What characteristic is not necessary for a molecule that is the genetic material? A. It must contain complex information B. It must be variable C. It must perform the action associated with the phenotype D. It must have the ability to replicate faithfully E. It must encode the phenotype - ANSWER- C A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ____________ (2) A. The amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C B. ...

What is genetics? - ANSWER-study of genes and what they do; branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation root of the natural diversity that we observe among members of the same species as well as among different species - ANSWER-Genetic variation Gene - ANSWER-"Unit of heredity", usually described according to the way it affects the traits or characteristics of an organism How many genes are there? - ANSWER-Around 30,000-35,000 How much of the genome is coded for? - ANS...

What characteristic is not necessary for a molecule that is the genetic material? A. It must contain complex information B. It must be variable C. It must perform the action associated with the phenotype D. It must have the ability to replicate faithfully E. It must encode the phenotype - ANSWER- C A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ____________ (2) A. The amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C B. ...

mendel's contributions - ANSWER- 1. traits inherited in predictable way 2. traits controlled by pair of genes 3. pair segregates during gamete formation diploid - ANSWER- a condition in which each chromosome exists in pairs; having two of each chromosome (2n) diploid number - ANSWER- members of each species have a characteristic number of chromosomes haploid - ANSWER- cell or an organism having one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. aka gamete chromosome number (n) su...

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the process of meiosis? A) Four haploid cells are produced from one diploid cell. B) The DNA is replicated twice, and there are two rounds of division. C) Synapsis and crossing-over occur during prophase I. D) Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes; meiosis II separates sister chromatids. - ANSWER- B The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is known as __________. A) nondisjunction B) synapsis C) linkage D) segre...