Geology 101 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Lahar CORRECT ANSWER mudflow originating from a volcanic slope, also called mass wasting events What is a geological example of both a hot spot AND divergent plate boundary location? CORRECT ANSWER Iceland Where is magma generated? CORRECT ANSWER Uppermost mantle Where is the greatest amount of magma created? CORRECT ANSWER At divergent plate boundaries. A lesser amount is formed at subduction zones. It can also be formed when crustal rocks melt. Geothermal Gradient CORRECT ANSWER Wh...

Define uniformitarianism CORRECT ANSWER the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes. What is the difference between Hypothesis and Theory? CORRECT ANSWER A hypothesis is either a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, or a reasoned prediction of a possible causal correlation among multiple phenomena. In science, a theory is a tested, well-substantiated, unifying explanation for a set of ...

How is Earth's atmosphere different from other planets? - Abundance of nitrogen and oxygen What is the hydrosphere? - All the water on earth contained within the water cycle. Includes oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, and evaporated water. What allows Earth to have a cyclical hydrosphere? - Earth's distance from the sun keeps the water on Earth's surface liquid. What is the Biosphere? - All life contained on Earth, this includes us, all animals, insects, and plants. Earth's...

Where is magma generated? Where are the greatest amounts produced? CORRECT ANSWER the uppermost mantle and at divergent plate boundaries partial melting CORRECT ANSWER incomplete melting if rocks where magma is enriched with ions top factors in viscosity CORRECT ANSWER gas CO2 Sulfer pyroclastic CORRECT ANSWER broken bits of ash and rock thrown from a volcano 3 main types of volcanoes CORRECT ANSWER shield composition strato types of lava flows CORRECT ANSWER basaltic- 90% an...

AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Version: 1.0 Final A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Insert This insert contains:  Figure 1 for use with Question 1  Figure 2 for use with Question 1  Figures 4a, 4b and 4c for use with Question 2  Figures 6a, 6b and 6c for use with Question 3  Figures 8a and 8b for use with Question 4  Figure 9 for use with Question 5  Figure 10 for use with Question 5  Figure 11 for use with Question 6 ...

Catastrophism is the idea that _______. CORRECT ANSWER Earth's landscapes have been shaped by sudden worldwide disasters; Earth's landscapes have been shaped suddenly by unknown forces not in operation today Which of the following best explains the principle of superposition? CORRECT ANSWER All sedimentary deposits accumulate on older rock or sediment layers. What is the primary principle used by geologists to separate periods of geological time, and ultimately construct the geological t...

Asthenosphere CORRECT ANSWER the layer of the Earth that lies below the lithosphere. It is a layer of solid rock that has so much pressure and heat the rocks can flow like a liquid. principle of uniformitarianism CORRECT ANSWER states that geological processes have worked in the same way throughout time. Earth's major interacting systems CORRECT ANSWER climate system, the plate tectonic system, and the geodynamic system. climate system involves... CORRECT ANSWER interactions among the ...

Subduction A geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced downward into the mantle below another plate and melted Asthenosphere The lower part of the mantle Lithosphere The upper part of the mantle and the crust Atmosphere The air and area that is above the crust and below space Core The extremely hot, solid, and dense center of the earth, which is believed to be composed of iron and nickel Mantle Between the core and the crust, liqui...

GEOLOGY 101 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2024.