Mmbio 221 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

MMBIO 221 Antibiotics Questions with Complete Solutions

A case in an outbreak of dysentery was defined as a patient in a psychiatric rehabilitation center in Taipei, Taiwan, who had diarrhea (loose stools three and more times a day in the past week and who had tested positive for the dysentery bacillus, Shigella sonnei, and that had blood in the feces. For precise analysis of the outbreak, what additional information is needed for a proper case definition? Correct Answer-No further information is needed for the case definition. During 2015, state ...

Staphyloccus aureus Correct Answer-- toxic shock syndrome - food poisoning - impetigo - scalded skin syndrome Streptococcus pyogenes Correct Answer-- pharyngitis - scarlet fever, pyoderma - toxic shock syndrome - necrotizing fasciitis - rheumatic fever - glomerulonephritis Streptococcus agalactiae Correct Answer-infections in neonates alpha-hemolytic streptococci Correct Answer-dental caries Streptococcus pneumoniae Correct Answer-pneumonia, otitis media Enterococcus speci...

Edward Jenner - Developed small pox immunization using cowpox agent Paul Ehrlich - sought a " magic bullet" to destroy pathogens Alexander Fleming - discovered penicillin Joseph Lister - Pioneered aseptic surgery John Snow - father of epidemiology (cholera in London) Ignaz Semmelweis - Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients Robert Koch - Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media Louis Pasteur -...

Coliform - Answer-rapidly ferment lactose, are part of normal microbiota, may be opportunistic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Found in soil and plants. Presence in water= impure water and poor sewage treatment 3 types of antigens used to serotype enteric bacteria - Answer-O-outer membrane K- capsular antigen H- flagellar lancefield typing - Answer-grouping catalase negative and coagulase negative bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls. U...

An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this organism. Mycobacterium tuberculosis The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Escherichia coli Brainpower Read More Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful l...

Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent - Edward Jenner Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host - Paul Ehrlich Discovered penicillin - Alexander Fleming Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol - Joseph Lister Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) - John Snow Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients - Ignaz Semmelweis Pioneered the culti...

Coliform - rapidly ferment lactose, are part of normal microbiota, may be opportunistic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Found in soil and plants. Presence in water= impure water and poor sewage treatment 3 types of antigens used to serotype enteric bacteria - O-outer membrane K- capsular antigen H- flagellar lancefield typing - grouping catalase negative and coagulase negative bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls. Used to organize vari...

Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...

An interferon is - a protein released by virally infected human cells to trigger production of antivirals in neighboring cells These antibodies are commonly found in mucus and are the most abundant in our body - IgA antibodies These cells have many identical antibodies on their surface that recognize a particular antigen. When activated the cells differentiate and proliferate into memory cells as well as plasma cells, which secrete antibodies - B cells Found on the surface of all nuclea...