Normal osmolarity - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Diabetes Mellitus - Four major types -Type 1 DM -Type 2 DM -Gestational diabetes -Other specific types-Latent diabetes (1.5) Alpha Cells - Glucagon Beta Cells - Insulin Delta Cells - Somatostatin Normal blood glucose - 70-110 Glycolysis - The first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Glycogenesis - The formation of glycogen from sugar. Ketones - When your cells don't get the glucose they need for energy and your bo...

Stages of general adaptation syndrome - 1. Alarm Initial reaction Sympathetic nervous system 2. Resistance Adaptation Limit stressor 3. Exhaustion Adaptation failing Disease develops Edema - Excess fluid in the interstitial space Dehydration (ECF volume deficit) - Can occur independently without electrolyte defects Decrease in fluid level leads to increase in level of blood solutes Cell shrinkage Hypotension Hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit - Decreased fluid in the intravascular...

CCRN Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Where is ADH made? - Answer- Hypothalamus Where is ADH Stored? - Answer- Posterior Pituitary Where does ADH act to make the kidneys hold onto water? - Answer- Distal Convoluted & Collecting Tubules Disease of too much ADH = too much water! The increased ADH causes less urine output, decreased Na levels (dilutional hyponatremia) & Hypo-osmolarity. It is caused from Oat Cell Carcinioma, Viral PNA or head problems, also sometimes anesthesia, analges...

CMSRN Review Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025 ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) - ANSWERS-Secreted by the pituitary gland -Promotes reabsorption of water back into the blood -Creates small amounts of dilute urine -Released when osmolarity is high and when there is low ECF -"Tap water hormone" Aldosterone - ANSWERS-Secreted by the adrenal cortex -Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water back into the blood -Creates a small volume of urine with a low concentration -Released when angio...

NU 308 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Define low osmolarity and high osmolarity: ANS Low osmolarity: low number solutes in solvent High osmolarity: high number of solutes in solvent Define interstitial space. What do we use to treat fluid buildup in interstitial space: ANS Interstitial space is space between cells and vessels. The treatment for fluid buildup in the interstitial space is to give albumin (which increases oncotic pressure, and causes the fluid to go into the intravascular sp...

HUBS 191 Full Exam with Complete and Verified Solutions Define Homeostasis -Answer-The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes [lect 1] Why is extracellular fluid (ECF) regulated in multicellular organisms ? -Answer-So that the body is able to function in the optimal desired state. [lect 1] normal reference range for Sodium in ECF -Answer-135 - 145 mmol/L [lect 1] normal refer...

Rasmussen University Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions and Answers Rated A+ Stages of general adaptation syndrome 1. Alarm Initial reaction Sympathetic nervous system 2. Resistance Adaptation Limit stressor 3. Exhaustion Adaptation failing Disease develops Edema Excess fluid in the interstitial space Dehydration (ECF volume deficit) Can occur independently without electrolyte defects Decrease in fluid level leads to increase in level of blood solutes Cell shrinkage ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction to physiology: the cell and general physiology. 1. Functional organization of the human body and control of the 'internal environment; 2. The cell and its functions; 3. Genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction II. Membrane physiology, nerve, and muscle. 4. The DNA code in the cell nucleus is transferred to an RNA code in the cell cytoplasm the process of transcription; 5. Membrane potentials and action potentials; 6. C...

HUBS 191 Full Exam with Complete and Verified Solutions Define Homeostasis -Answer-The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes [lect 1] Why is extracellular fluid (ECF) regulated in multicellular organisms ? -Answer-So that the body is able to function in the optimal desired state. [lect 1] normal reference range for Sodium in ECF -Answer-135 - 145 mmol/L [lect 1] normal refer...

What is a hypotonic solution? having a lower osmolality than normal plasma What do hypotonic solutions do? IV fluid will move from intravascular space into cells What are IV fluid examples of hypotonic solution? -0.45% NS (1/2 NS) -0.225 NS (1/4 NS) -D5W D5W is an isotonic solution until when? until it goes into the body, the dextrose is removed and solution becomes hypotonic in body What is an isotonic solution? having the SAME osmolality as normal plasma What do isotonic solutions do to t...