Bios 1700 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Certain diseases, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") and CreutzfeldtJakob disease, are caused by an infectious agent whose nature was at first a mystery. Similar infectious agents are also known to cause certain telltale traits in yeast. Under certain conditions, the infected yeast cells turn red. (Normal yeast cells are white.) Suppose you are studying a strain of red-colored yeast cells that you believe contains an infectious agent such as bovine spongiform en...

BIOS 1700 Exam #2 Already Graded A+

addition rule - possible outcomes can't occur simultaneously; either, or allele - different form of a gene alternative splicing - transcript can be spliced in different ways to get different proteins bicoid mutation - larvae missing segments of anterior end chromatin - a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that give chromosomes structure chromatin remodeling - nucleosomes repositioned to expose different stretches of DNA clone - individual who carries exact copy of nuclear genome of another...

____ can simply be referred to a change over time - Answer-evolution A controlled way of asking and answering questions in an unbiased manner - Answer-hypothesis a single experiment or observation can _____ a hypothesis a) support b)prove c)reject d) reject or prove e) reject or support - Answer-reject or support A tentative explanation based on observation os referred to as a hypothesis true or false - Answer-true An explanation supported by a large body of observations and experiment...

3 alleles of beta-globin - A: wild type S: sickle C: mildly affected protein Allele - different forms of a given gene Anaphase - sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles CDKs - phosphorylate target proteins involved in promoting cell division Colon Cancer progression - APC: tumor suppressor Ras: oncogene p53: tumor suppressor Copy number variation (CNV) polymorphism - repeats entire gene, can be selected for if increased protein Cyclins - bind to and activate CDKs to ...

spontaneous generation - the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources (control group + multiple test groups) living things: - -reproduce -require energy -are composed of cells -evolve -contain DNA unicellular organisms - bacteria, yeast DNA to RNA to protein - central dogma of molecular biology element - A pure substance made of only one kind of atom atom - Smallest particle of an element Molecule - two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Compound - con...

covalent bond - what bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons? +1 valence electron - what happens on the periodic table as you move left to right that causes the elements to become more stable? +1 outer shell - what happens on the periodic table as you move down each row? molecule - what is formed by many atoms sharing covalent bonds? polar covalent bond - what is the unequal sharing of electrons between an atom with a partial positive charge and an atom with a partial negative ch...

A photosynthetic electron-transport chain harnesses approximately what percentage of the sun's usable energy arriving at the surface of a leaf? - 24 Approximately what percentage of the sun's output is available for photosynthesis? - 40 how many ATP to reduce CO2 to C6H12O6? - 54 how much atp and nadph is used per CO2 reduced? - 3 ATP, 2 NADPH if light levels increase, what will some electrons from photosystem I be redirected from back into the electron transport chain? - ferredoxin in ...

This chapter of notes answers the following questions: How does chemistry play a role in biology? What chemical bonds play a role in making biological molecules and processes? How is energy transferred from one molecule to another? Chapter six also goes over these main concepts: the laws of thermodynamics, covalent bonds and potential energy, the major energy source of biology-- ATP, chemical reactions, Gibbs free energy, and enzymes. This document also contains drawings of diagrams for a better...