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Why did the National Institute of Health and Human Development classify reading difficulties as a major health concern? - ANSWER-The inability to read well is associated with social ills such as dropping out of school, delinquency, inadequate health care, unwanted pregnancy, and chronic underemployment. They cannot read prescription bottles, but can still open them, cant read road signs, and cant read the instruction on anything. Discuss the types of writing systems in the world. (Pictogr...

If a second-grader lacks fluency when reading aloud, what is the language skill that the teacher should assess first? - ANSWER-phonology and decoding Which statement best describes the relationship between reading comprehension and word decoding in a beginning reader's development? - ANSWER-Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary for development of reading fluency and text comprehension. Near the close of the day, a kindergarten teacher guides the students in conversation about the d...

b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. - ANSWER-What is one important distinction between the Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition and the Three Cueing Systems model? a. The Four-Part Processing Model emphasizes visual processes. b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. c. The Three Cueing Systems model emphasizes the role of phonology. d. The Three Cueing Systems model omits semantic processing. d. both ...

According to results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), which of the following is true? a. Every state is about the same, on average. b. Approximately 50 percent of fourth-graders are "proficient" or "advanced." c. There is a steady increase in reading scores across all groups. d. Gaps persist between certain subgroups of students. - ANSWER Gaps persist between certain subgroups of students. Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the abili...

Verbal reasoning - ANSWER In the later stages of reading development (grades 5 and up) which strand of the "reading rope" takes on more and more importance in explaining reading comprehension? decoding unknown words - ANSWER Phoneme awareness has the closest relationship with which aspect of literacy in an alphabetic writing system? FEL/fill - ANSWER Which misspelling is an example of a students failure to recognize the difference between vowel sounds that are very similar in articulatio...

In comparison to other alphabetic languages, what feature of the English writing system makes English more difficult for young students to read and spell? - ANSWER-It is morphophonemic. What is one important distinction between the Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition and the Three-Cueing Systems model? - ANSWER-The Three-Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. Many students at risk for reading problems enter school without exposure to the academic language...

How should the balance of instructional time spent on foundational reading skills and language comprehension between first grade and third grade for typical learners? - ANSWER-The time spent on foundational reading skills should skift from about 40% in first grade to 20% in third grade. What criterion would be most relevant for selecting high-quality texts for reading aloud or for meiated text reading? - ANSWER-The text has layers of meaning that can be explored through several readings. A...

Which of the following statements best describes an effective way to prepare students to listen to or read a text? - ANSWER-Establish the purpose for reading the text and impart background knowledge. Which of the following describes a product of comprehension, rather than a process? - ANSWER-verbalizing a summary or retelling of the text after reading Which of these statements is not true of students with specific comprehension difficulties? - ANSWER-They rely less on context to guess on t...

Based on the grapheme representing /sh/, which word is probably from French? - ANSWER-machine Which of the following words is most probably from the Anglo-Saxon layer of English? - ANSWER-playground Because of arbitrary and historical conventions governing English orthography, some letters can never be used to end a word. Which word can be explained by that principle? - ANSWER-have In phoneme-grapheme mapping, students first segment and mark boxes for the phonemes. Then, they map the gr...

Which term relates to a students ability to use word meanings in both speaking and writing? - ANSWER-expressive vocabulary In teaching the antonyms and synonyms of a word such as generosity, a teacher would be emphasizing which aspect of language? - ANSWER-semantics Once students have learned to decode printed words, which strand of the Reading Rope model (Scarborough, 2001) is the best single predictor of reading comprehension? - ANSWER-vocabulary Which conclusion was documented by the...