Microbiology 301 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

The instrument that produces a bright image of the specimen against a dark background is called a (n) ___________ microscope A. phase-contrast B. electron C. bright-field D. dark-field - ANSWER Dark-field After the decolorizer has been added in the Gram stain, gram-positive organisms are stained _________ and gram-negative organisms are stained ________ A. purple; purple B. purple; colorless C. purple; pink D. pink; pink - ANSWER Purple; Colorless

. What best describes a 'Microbe'? (Lecture 1) a. A form of life that is relatively simple. b. A form of life that can make an animal sick. c. A form of life that requires a microscope to observe. d. A form of life that consists of a single cell. - ANSWER D

Lack a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, usually unicellular. Smaller and simpler than most eukaryotic cells. Contain two types of domain Bacteria and Archaea. - ANSWER Prokaryotic cells Ridged cell wall contains peptidoglycan. Includes a nucleoid (no nucleus) with no membrane- bound organelles. Multiply by binary fission - cell enlarges then divides - ANSWER Bacteria Bacterial shapes: Coccus Rods (bacillus) Coccobacillus Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete - ANSWER - Coccus - spherical ...

Domains of life - ANSWER Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Eukaryotic cell - ANSWER Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles Magnification - ANSWER The ability to make things look larger than they are Resolution - ANSWER ability to produce images that are clear 3 major morphologies of prokaryotes - ANSWER sphere, rod, spiral

A virion (viral particle) is composed of - ANSWER protein, either RNA or DNA, and possibly lipid Capsid - ANSWER the protein coat of a virion it protects the nucleic acid from enzymes and toxic chemicals in the environment Enveloped viruses - ANSWER Contains a lipid bilayer Acquire their enveloped from the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell Acquire the envelope from the membrane of an organelle in eukaryotic infections Non-enveloped viruses - ANSWER viruses that don't contain an envelo...

Resistance against infection developed through a series of vaccine doses represents a case of: - ANSWER Artificially acquired active immunity (C) Through an active, universal vaccination and monitoring program, the following human disease has been eradicated: - ANSWER Smallpox (B)

Match each statement with correct type of testing for antigen-antibody interaction. - ANSWER Typically used to identify an unknown antigen: direct testing Antigen is attached to a solid surface: direct and indirect testing Requires a labeled secondary antibody: indirect testing

major modes of regulation - ANSWER -proteins are enzymes that carry out biochemical reactions -constitutive proteins needed at same level -microbial genomes encode proteins that aren't needed all the time -regulation conserves energy/resources two major levels of regulation within the cell - ANSWER one controls the amount of an enzyme -level of transcription -translation -slower process (minutes)

Microorganism - ANSWER a microscopic organism (>1mm) consisting of a singe cell, cell cluster or virus Importance of Microorganisms - ANSWER oldest form of life, largest mass of living material on Earth, carry out major bioecochemical cycles, live in places unsuitable for others, life forms need microorganisms to survive Microorganisms are the original source of - ANSWER antibiotics, flavors, insulin Structures: Prokaryotic - ANSWER Bacteria and Archaea

In what structure is chromatin found? DNA RNA Ribosomes ALL genetic material - ANSWER DNA Describe the function of: tRNA RNA polymerase mRNA snRNA DNA polymerase