Nucleophilic attacks - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Alcohol - Ketone - Amine - Ether - Amide - Ester - functional groups - Alkyl - An alkane missing a hydrogen Aromatic compound - Cyclic, planar, with every atom of the aromatic ring having a p orbital, while obeying hackles rule of 4n+2 pi electrons Vinyl - Hydrolysis Reaction - Carboxylic Acid - pKa ~ 5 Enantiomers - stereoisomers that are non super imposable mirror images Diastereomers - - Same molecular formula, same bond connections, NOT mirrors...

Cumulative Final Exam Review Orgo II Questions and Answers Rated A+ 1. Carboxylic acids react with nucleophiles through what type of mechanism? Answer: Addition followed by elimination Addition followed by elimination Explanation: Carboxylic acids typically undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution. In this mechanism, the nucleophile first adds to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid (addition), forming a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the elimination of a leaving group...

agarose and agar correct answer: polysaccharides used to run DNA gels and for microbial plates bacterial cell walls correct answer: contain polysaccharides in their peptidoglycan layer lectins correct answer: are proteins that bind to sugars protein glycolsylation correct answer: assists in folding and cellular recognition, e.g. ABO blood groups -ose correct answer: indicates a molecule is some kind of carb blood group antigens correct answer: glycoproteins containing differ...

SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution - 2 steps - Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization - Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) - 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile - Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms - Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming the product SN2 Reaction - ANSWER- Bimolecular nuc...

UMICH CHEM 210 - Exam #3 - Reaction Mechanisms 100% Correct SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution - 2 steps - Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization - Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) - 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile - Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms - Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocati...

MCAT Biochemistry Latest Updated 2024 With Complete Solutions what kind of acids are amino acids? - weak polyprotic acids - amphoteric - acidic pH: fully protonated - basic pH: fully protonated - neutral pH: zwitterion Explain a peptide bond formation - condensation (dehydration rxn) - nucleophilic amino group attacks electrophilic carbonyl group. - peptide bonds broken by hydrolysis structural proteins - collagen, elastin, keratin, actin, tubulin motor proteins - capable of force ...

1 CHM 219 MODULE 4 EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ Organohalides Correct Answer: Organic molecules contains Halogen atoms. Ex. Algae, Mollusk, sponges, can be industrially used - solvents, insecticides, herbicides, cleaning fluids, fire retardants, refrigerants. Can also be used as inhaled anesthetic. More important in organic chemistry because of theur reactivity. Two of the most important reaction types typical of organic Halides are.... Corr...

Most cytochrome P450 enzymes alter the activity of drugs by: correct answers Cytochrome P450 acts as monooxygenases, where an oxygen atom is inserted into a substrate (the drug of interest), thereby resulting in the oxidation of the substrate. During phosphorylation of STAT5b proteins,phosphate groups are exchanged for what atoms on tyrosine residues? correct answers The passage notes that JAK2 is a tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine has a nucleophilic hydroxyl group that attacks the terminal phosphat...

SN1 Reaction - ANSWER- Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution - 2 steps - Starting with enantiomerically pure product tends to result in some degree of racemization - Retention AND inversion at stereocenter (R and S) - 1 nucleophile is replaced by another nucleophile - Carbocation INTERMEDIATE forms - Rate is dependent only on substrate concentration 1. LG leaves, forming a carbocation 2. Nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming the product SN2 Reaction - ANSWER- Bimolecular nuc...

regioisomers - Answer structural isomers formed in some reaction, same formula but different connectivities nucleophile - Answer e- sources drawn to positive centers, more negative [bases are all nucleophiles] in SN2, nucleophile attacks C sp3 only if C is having e- pulled away from it (partial positive charge) electrophile - Answer C sp3 with leaving group leaving group (LG) - Answer atoms/groups that pull away e-s good leaving groups: halogens and A+ bimolecular nucleophilic...