Psio 303 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

As the Metabolic Syndrome progresses towards overt type 2 diabetes, symptoms typically arise chronologically. Which of the following arrangements best represents the chronological order of their development, from earliest to latest. A. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, central adiposity, retinopathy. B. Central adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy C. Retinopathy, central adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia D. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, cen...

Release of adiponectin from fat cells would promote the development of cardiovascular associated defects and impairments in Metabolic Syndrome. - False When it comes to essential hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome, it is suggested that __________ and __________ may be responsible for the development of this core component by increasing central sympathetic outflow, causing peripheral vasoconstriction, and more. - insulin resistance; hyperinsulinemia The tissue type primarily responsible for...

What are sphingomyelins? - Sphingolipids where the head group is phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine. What prevents cells from actually swelling? - It is effectively impossible for sodium to enter the cell (due to pump and lack of sodium channels). There is a high sodium ion concentration outside the cell which prevents water from entering in the cell Why would cells have a tendency to swell? - Because cytoplasm contains negatively charged proteins that cannot exit, so cells naturally ga...

When it comes to essential hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome, it is suggested that ___ and ___ may be responsible for the development of this core component by increasing central sympathetic outflow, causing peripheral vasoconstriction, and more. - Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinemia The earliest defects that arise with Metabolic Syndrome are impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hyperinsulinemia - False All individuals who develop Metabolic Syndrome will eventually develop type 2 diabete...

Glycerophospholipids (GPLs): - amphipathic (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) are main lipid constituent of PM Contain glycerol backbone: 2 fatty acid tails in ester linkage A polar head group (that varies in size) A phosphate ester of another alcohol (choline, ethanolamine, serine, or inositol) GPLs can differ in polar head group, chain length, and saturation of bonds Common cell structures called organelles are either membrane bound or non membrane bound. Choose the follow...

How does Skeletal muscle aid in glucoregulation - - 40% of body mass - responsible for peripheral disposal of glucose in response to oral glucose/meals - glucose transport into muscle via myocytes = highly regulated process stimulated by insulin or contractions - Glucose molecules transported can be stored as glycogen or oxidized to make ATP Insulin Resistance - Normal or elevated insulin levels don't elicit the expected biological response in the organism or tissue What are the core com...

As the Metabolic Syndrome progresses towards overt type 2 diabetes, symptoms typically arise chronologically. Which of the following arrangements best represents the chronological order of their development, from earliest to latest. - Central adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy Which of the following is NOT a component (major or additional) of the Metabolic Syndrome? -hyperinsulinemia -dyslipidemia -hypercoagulability -heart attack and stroke -adipocyte dysfunct...

Insulin increases glucose transport into skeletal muscle cells by: - Increasing translocation of GLUT- 4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane An inhibitor of the serine kinase GSK-3beta will have all of the following effects on insulin-resistant skeletal muscle except: - Cause decreased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the presence of insulin. - Cause increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport. - Cause decreased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. - Cause reduced seri...

what is equilibrium? - a special case of a steady state. In a steady state, by definition, the conditions related to X do not change with time. Thus a transport system is in a steady state when both the driving forces acting on it and the rate of transport are constant with time. Equilibrium is the particular steady state in which there is no net driving force and thus no net transport.' List and discuss the diagnostic characteristics of passive diffusion. - ALL channels, and SOME carriers...