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RARE PLANTS OF THE EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION (NORTHERN ITALY): A DATA BANK AND COMPUTERMAPPED ATLAS FOR CONSERVATION PURPOSES
INTRODUCTION 
The flora of a given region is an important indicator of 
~:he state of its environment, as a result of the region's 
rlatural history as well as of the land changes caused by 
~nan. The latter generally result in the expansion of taxa 
associated with man (emerophilous plants--Linkola, 
1919; Jalas, 1955) and in the decline of negatively 
affected taxa (emerophobous plants), most of which 
become rare or extinct. Rare species are usually associated with sporadically occu...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 8 pages •
INTRODUCTION 
The flora of a given region is an important indicator of 
~:he state of its environment, as a result of the region's 
rlatural history as well as of the land changes caused by 
~nan. The latter generally result in the expansion of taxa 
associated with man (emerophilous plants--Linkola, 
1919; Jalas, 1955) and in the decline of negatively 
affected taxa (emerophobous plants), most of which 
become rare or extinct. Rare species are usually associated with sporadically occu...
DYNAMIC ADHESION MEASUREMENT FOR THE VERIFICATION OF THE GRABBING POSITIONING AND RELEASE MECHANISM FOR THE LISA PATHFINDER TEST MASS RELEASE
Adhesion phenomena, even in a space environment, 
have been extensively investigated in the literature 
([1][2]), but their role on the release of objects to freefloating conditions in space applications has not been 
thoroughly studied yet. The in-orbit precise release of a 
body implies the separation of its contacting surfaces 
from the engaging surfaces that belong to some kind of 
caging device. As this separation involves the rupture of 
the unavoidable adhesive forces, an impulse ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 8 pages •
Adhesion phenomena, even in a space environment, 
have been extensively investigated in the literature 
([1][2]), but their role on the release of objects to freefloating conditions in space applications has not been 
thoroughly studied yet. The in-orbit precise release of a 
body implies the separation of its contacting surfaces 
from the engaging surfaces that belong to some kind of 
caging device. As this separation involves the rupture of 
the unavoidable adhesive forces, an impulse ...
Comparison of SPRT and Sequential Bayes Procedures for Classifying Examinees Into Two Categories Using a Computerized Test
Keywords: classification, computerized testing, sequential Bayes, sequential probability ratio test 
Many testing applications focus on classifying examinees into one of two 
categories (e.g., pass/fail) rather than on obtaining an accurate estimate 
of level of ability. Examples of such applications include licensure and 
certification, college selection, and placement into entry-level or developmental college courses. With the increased availability of computers for the 
administration ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 11 pages •
Keywords: classification, computerized testing, sequential Bayes, sequential probability ratio test 
Many testing applications focus on classifying examinees into one of two 
categories (e.g., pass/fail) rather than on obtaining an accurate estimate 
of level of ability. Examples of such applications include licensure and 
certification, college selection, and placement into entry-level or developmental college courses. With the increased availability of computers for the 
administration ...
Estimation of Minimum Principal Stress from an Extended Leak-off Test Onboard the Chikyu Drilling Vessel and Suggestions for Future Test Procedures
To understand the physics of faulting and rupture propagation for the great M8-class Nankai earthquakes that recur 
approximately every 100 years, a comprehensive drilling 
project is underway: the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone 
Experiment (NanTroSEIZE; Tobin and Kinoshita, 2007), 
which is part of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 
(IODP). Stress levels along seismogenic faults must be eismogenic faults must be ismogenic faults must be 
known in order to understand processes control...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 5 pages •
To understand the physics of faulting and rupture propagation for the great M8-class Nankai earthquakes that recur 
approximately every 100 years, a comprehensive drilling 
project is underway: the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone 
Experiment (NanTroSEIZE; Tobin and Kinoshita, 2007), 
which is part of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 
(IODP). Stress levels along seismogenic faults must be eismogenic faults must be ismogenic faults must be 
known in order to understand processes control...
State-of-the-Art of Establishing Test Procedures for Real Driving Gaseous Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
ntroduction 
As the world progresses, technological development has resulted in the availability of 
machinery, which translated into the development of a machine-based industry, resulting in 
increased emissions. The imposed travel restrictions worldwide in 2020 due to the COVID19 pandemic has resulted in a 6% reduction in energy demand compared to 2019 [1]. 
Despite the fact that the global energy-related CO2 emissions declined by 5.8% in 2020, 
they still remained at 31.5 Gt, which contribut...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 32 pages •
ntroduction 
As the world progresses, technological development has resulted in the availability of 
machinery, which translated into the development of a machine-based industry, resulting in 
increased emissions. The imposed travel restrictions worldwide in 2020 due to the COVID19 pandemic has resulted in a 6% reduction in energy demand compared to 2019 [1]. 
Despite the fact that the global energy-related CO2 emissions declined by 5.8% in 2020, 
they still remained at 31.5 Gt, which contribut...
Development and Validation of an Item-bank for an Adaptive Computer-based Test Assessing K-4 Students’ Mathematical Competence
People deal with diverse mathematical situations daily, all of which they have to learn to interpret 
so as to be able to comprehend and analyse the information they perceive (National Council of 
Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM] & National Association for the Education of Young Children 
[NAEYC], 2002). The world in which we live is a quantitative world, making it necessary to have 
adequate comprehension of mathematics to understand what happens around us. This is why 
Villarroel (2009) sta...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 15 pages •
People deal with diverse mathematical situations daily, all of which they have to learn to interpret 
so as to be able to comprehend and analyse the information they perceive (National Council of 
Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM] & National Association for the Education of Young Children 
[NAEYC], 2002). The world in which we live is a quantitative world, making it necessary to have 
adequate comprehension of mathematics to understand what happens around us. This is why 
Villarroel (2009) sta...
Development and test of a mini-Data Acquisition system for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade of the ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube detector
1. Introduction 
The ATLAS detector [1] is a general-purpose particle detector designed to study proton-proton interactions at the 
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN [2]. Its muon spectrometer is designed to trigger and identify muons produced 
in collisions and to measure their momenta [3]. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) [4] and Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) [5] 
are used as fast trigger chambers in the barrel (|휂| < 1.05) 
1 
and endcap (1.05 < |휂| < 2.4) regions, respectively. Three ...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 10 pages •
1. Introduction 
The ATLAS detector [1] is a general-purpose particle detector designed to study proton-proton interactions at the 
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN [2]. Its muon spectrometer is designed to trigger and identify muons produced 
in collisions and to measure their momenta [3]. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) [4] and Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) [5] 
are used as fast trigger chambers in the barrel (|휂| < 1.05) 
1 
and endcap (1.05 < |휂| < 2.4) regions, respectively. Three ...
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test —
Part 1: 
Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and 
nickel alloys 
1 Scope 
This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding 
procedure tests. 
This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding. 
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of 
qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of th...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 47 pages •
Part 1: 
Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and 
nickel alloys 
1 Scope 
This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding 
procedure tests. 
This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding. 
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of 
qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of th...
Compatibility of preparatory procedures for the analysis of cortisol concentrations and stable isotope (δ 13C, δ 15N) ratios: a test on brown bear hair
Levels of stress hormones and stable isotope ratios in animal 
tissues are increasingly recognized as important tools in studies on the physiology and ecology of wildlife (e.g. Kempster 
et al., 2007; Barger and Kitaysky, 2011; Deschner et al., 
2012; Bryan et al., 2013). Keratinous tissues, such as hair 
and feathers, offer the longest record of an animal’s circulating glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations (Bortolotti et al., 
2009; Macbeth et al., 2010; Jenni-Eiermann et al., 2015). 
Steroids...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 7 pages •
Levels of stress hormones and stable isotope ratios in animal 
tissues are increasingly recognized as important tools in studies on the physiology and ecology of wildlife (e.g. Kempster 
et al., 2007; Barger and Kitaysky, 2011; Deschner et al., 
2012; Bryan et al., 2013). Keratinous tissues, such as hair 
and feathers, offer the longest record of an animal’s circulating glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations (Bortolotti et al., 
2009; Macbeth et al., 2010; Jenni-Eiermann et al., 2015). 
Steroids...
A Review of Pelvic Fractures in Adult Pedestrians: Experimental Studies Involving PMHS Used to Determine Injury Criteria for Pedestrian Dummies and Component Test Procedures
Objectives: Perform a systematic review for the most relevant pelvic injury research involving PMHS. The review begins with an 
explanation of the pelvic anatomy and a general description of pelvic fracture patterns followed by the particular case of pelvic 
fractures sustained in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Field data documenting the vehicle, crash, and human risk factors for pedestrian 
pelvic injuries are assessed. 
Method: A summary of full-scale PMHS tests and subsystem lateral pelvic te...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 9 pages •
Objectives: Perform a systematic review for the most relevant pelvic injury research involving PMHS. The review begins with an 
explanation of the pelvic anatomy and a general description of pelvic fracture patterns followed by the particular case of pelvic 
fractures sustained in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Field data documenting the vehicle, crash, and human risk factors for pedestrian 
pelvic injuries are assessed. 
Method: A summary of full-scale PMHS tests and subsystem lateral pelvic te...