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”Modification of a behavioral tendency by expertise.” (Webster 1984) • ”A learning machine, broadly defined is any device whose actions are influenced by past experiences.” (Nilsson 1965) • ”Any change in a system that allows it to perform better the second time on repetition of the same task or on another task drawn from the same population.” (Simon 1983) • ”An improvement in information processing ability that results from information processing activity.” (...

Expert systems  Diagnosis e.g. MYCIN  Generate alerts and reminders  Therapy critiquing and planning  Knowledge management  Doctors rely on at least 2 million facts and clinical knowledge doubles every 20 years.

 Some issues:  Search trees grow very quickly  The size of the search tree is governed by the branching factor  Even this simple game tic-tac-toe has a complete search tree of 984,410 potential nodes  The search tree for chess has a branching factor of about

An over-used, over-loaded, and misused term.  Anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through its effectors to maximize progress towards its goals.  PAGE (Percepts, Actions, Goals, Environment)  Task-specific & specialized: well-defined goals and environment  The notion of an agent is meant to be a tool for analyzing systems, not an absolute characterization that divides the world into agents and non-agents...

 A goal directed agent needs to achieve certain goals. Such an agent selects its actions based on the goal it has.  Many problems can be represented as a set of states and a set of rules of how one state is transformed to another.  Each state is an abstract representation of the agent's environment.  It is an abstraction that denotes a configuration of the agent.  Initial state : The description of the starting configuration of the agent.  An action/ operator t...

 Game playing is not like this.  The opponent introduces uncertainty.  The opponent also wants to win  Game Playing has been studied for a long time  Babbage (tic-tac-toe)  Turing (chess) 

In our discussion of the rationality of the simple vacuum-cleaner agent, we had to specify the performance measure. the environment, and the agent's actuators and sensors. We group all these under the heading of the task environment. For the acronymically minded, we call PEAS this the PEAS (Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors) description. In designing an agent, the first step must always be to specify the task environment as filly as possible The vacuum world was a simple exa...

The Internet is one of the most important developments in the history of both information systems and communication systems because it is both an information system and a communication system. The Internet was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 as a network of four computers called ARPANET. Its goal was to link a set of computers operated by several universities doing military research. The original network grew as more computers and more computer networks were linked to it. ...

Question A certain mobile phone company charges its customers using per second billing. The tariff used is post paid. The following rules are used in the billing procedure. (a) Any call made after 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. is charged Kshs 4.00 per minute. (b) Any call made after 6.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. is charged Kshs 3.00 per minute. (c) In addition to the above charges one also pays 16% Vat for calls taking longer than one minute. Required Write an object oriented Java program that can be u...

The objective of the course is to enable the student apply a high level language for solution of simple scientific problems, and for this purpose to manipulate the inputs/outputs of a computer Programme using Object Oriented Programming Techniques. Objectives At the end of the course a student is expected to: • Know all the high level language representation of mathematical functions • effectively use the different data types and variables, viz., numbers, character, and logical variable...