Havilah

Clinical manifestations – appendicitis o Right, lower abdominal pain, nausea, occasional diarrhea  Cause of pseudomembranous colitis and nonpharmacologic treatmentso (Often called antibiotic associated colitis) Acute inflammation and necrosis of the large intestine caused by Clostridium difficile. Exposure to antibiotics is the major factor predisposing to the development of this disorder. Stop the affecting antibiotic. Treat ischemia, fecal transplant, colectomy  Clinical manifest...

Module 1 Chapter 2 I. General Adaptation Syndrome and Allostasis a. Alarm Stage: Fight-or-Flight response due to stressful stimuli. b. Resistance Stage: Nervous & Endocrine systems returning the body to homeostasis c. Exhaustion Stage: Point where bofy can no longer return to homeostasis Chapter 24 II. Body Fluid Homeostasis: Pertains to water within the body and the particles dissolved in it. i. Fluid Distribution: Occurs through osmosis, water moves to higher osmolality, cell membra...

PATHO: Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology Whatis pathophysiology Disease stages, e.g. latent, prodromal, chronic, exacerbation, convalescence, etc. Levels of prevention Primary - reduce exposure Secondary - early detection screening Tertiary - rehabilitative supportive care Chapter 2: Stress Vocabulary: Homeostasis, Allostasis, habituation

Pathophysiology basics a. Homeostasis i. What is it? equilibrium, balance, consistency, and stability. vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, and temperature. ii. Why do we have this? self-regulating, give-and-take system that responds to minor changes in the body through compensation mechanisms. Compensation mechanisms attempt to counteract those changes and return the body to its normal state b. Adaptation to stress and illness i. Resilience: How one bounces back from sickness or ...

Chapter 2: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors Homeostasis & Allostasis Homeostasis:  Remaining stable while staying the same  A state in which all systems are in balance  A state of equilibrium  An ideal “set point” despite alterations within the body Allostasis:  Ability to successfully adapt to challenges  Intricate regulatory processes orchestrated by the brain  A dynamic process that maintains or re-establishes homeostasis in light...

STRESS – WHAT IS IT?, PURPOSE OF, WHAT DETERMINES RESPONSE? WHAT IS IT? – physical, chemical or emotional factor that results in tension of body or mind, real or perceived threat to homeostasis, can be positive or negative PURPOSE – WHAT DETERMINES RESPONSE – SELYE GAP SYNDROME STAGES, BODY’S RESPONSES TO STAGES – ALARM, RESISTANCE, EXHAUSTION: ALARM – the stressor upsets homeostasis or cellular balance; releases epi and norepi, and cortisol; Body has decreased resistance t...

5. The nurse is administering an intravenous vesicant chemotherapeutic agent to a client. Which assessment would require the nurse’s immediate action? A. Stomatitis lesion in the mouth B. Severe nausea and vomiting C. Complaints of pain at site of infusion D. Edema of the client’s extremities 5. Answer C. Complaints of pain at site of infusion A vesicant is a chemotherapeutic agent capable of causing blistering of tissues and possible tissue necrosis if there is extravasation. These...

Exam 3 STUDY GUIDE Appropriate nursing actions:  When a client falls  Positioning to reduce injury for bony prominences  Reducing shear injury  Reduce urinary tract infection  Reducing pressure ulcers- factors that are contributors  For vital signs out of range (i.e low oxygen saturation)  Appropriate measures in taking an oral temperature  Vital signs that can indicate post-surgical pain?

MDC 1 Exam 1 Prep/review Culture and Religion  Be aware that, when someone is in the healthcare system and has to make a decision that is contrary to their beliefs and practices, making that decision can cause them moral distress  When a client or family is making the decision for a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order ~ Catholics may want to have ‘last rights’ administered. If so, we need to reach out to their priest or clergy and honor their wishes  When a new immigrant has to ...

The effects of Immobility a) Interventions that improve flexibility  P.R.E.P.(Perform passive ROM, Reposition Q2HR, Encourage independent activity as much as possible even in bedrest, Provide assistive devices)  Know examples of exercises for flexibility b) Assessment/ Findings of a patient with DVT  Assessment (1) Compare distal pulses for pulse quality, observe the color and temp. of extremities, evaluate sensation and motion, and determine speed of capillary refill. Compare ...