EXCEED EXPECTATIONS

Q: AV fistulas result in what change to the heart dynamics? Ans: This is an abnormal connection between the atria and ventricles, resulting in increased blood flowing from the atria to the ventricles. increased CO results (until high output heart failure ensues, but that takes time) Q: Pierre Robin Sequence Ans: Mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis, cleft soft palate. W/ FAS or Edwards. Q: What is the main regulator of serum osmolality? Ans: ADH (vasopressin) re...

NBME 27 Recent Q and A Questions and Answers with Excellent RationaleNBME 27 Recent Q and A Questions and Answers with Excellent RationaleNBME 27 Recent Q and A Questions and Answers with Excellent RationaleNBME 27 Recent Q and A Questions and Answers with Excellent RationaleNBME 27 Recent Q and A Questions and Answers with Excellent Rationale

Q: Paresthesias Ans: abnormal sensation (e.g., tingling, prickling, "pins and needles") Q: placenta accreta Ans: A rare disorder in which the placenta is directly adherent to the myometrium (without penetrating) instead of the decidua basalis. Results in delayed separation and/or placental retention as well as postpartum hemorrhage. The most important risk factors for placenta accreta are a previous C-section and placenta previa. -risk factors include: prior uterine i...

Q: Lab findings of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (both warm and cold), Ans: + direct combs test (detects RBCS with IgG or C3b), indirect coombs, hemoglobinuria, decreased haptoglobin normocytic anemia, increased reticulocyte count, spherocytes, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Q: Following MI a common cause of mitral regurgitation is? Ans: Rupture of a papillary muscle and associated chordae tendinea Q: A low gamma (Y) fraction on proteins electrophoresis indicates wha...

Q: serum electrophoresis Ans: First peak is albumin alpha 1 globulins = alpha antitrypsin, alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, TBG, alpha 2 globulins = haptoglobulin, macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, TBG, protein C, angiotensinogen beta = beta 2 microglobin, plasminogen, angiostatins, SHBG, transferrin gamma = Ig Q: serum electrophoresis in multiple myeloma Ans: gamma spike Q: serum electrophoresis blurring beta 2 and gamma regions Ans: increased CRP increased IgA a...

Q: Large pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta during systole Ans: aortic stenosis (calcification) Q: Hyperacute transplant rejection is what type of hypersensitivty rxn Ans: type 2 - pre existant recipient antibodies react to donor antigen Q: acute transplant rejection is what type of hypersensitivity rxn Ans: type 4- T cell mediated OR humoral: similar to hyperacute except antibodies form after transplant Q: which type of transplant rejecti...

Q: what is nonpurging type bulimia nervosa? BMI? Ans: involves cycles of uncontrollable eating and compensatory behaviors that occur at least one week over three months or more; patients typically have normal BMI and rather than engaging in purging behaviors such as vomiting, they typically will fast or intensely exercise (purge = vomit) Q: Describe electrolyte imbalances in anorexia nervosa (binge eating/purging type) Ans: hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis from vomiting --...

Q: Breathing in gas mixture with low PO2 Ans: Hypoxemia induces hyperventilation —> Respiratory alkalosis Q: Effect of arteriovenous fistulas on right atrial pressure and CO Ans: Increase in right atrial pressure d/t increase in preload Increase in CO d/t Frank Starling mechanics Q: Micrognathia, glossoptosis, mandibular cleft, short palate; Dx and pharyngeal arch Ans: Pierre Robin syndrome; 1st pharyngeal arch Downward displacement of tongue leads to airway ...

Q: Long acting beta agonists (LABA) Ans: salmeterol, aformoterol, formoterl Q: short-acting beta agonists (SABA) Ans: albuterol, levalbuterol, metaproterenol Q: long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) Ans: Tiotropium (Spiriva) Q: Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) Ans: Ipratropium (available alone or in combo with albuterol) Q: Corticosteroids Ans: beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, traimcinol...

Q: Long acting beta agonists (LABA) Ans: salmeterol, aformoterol, formoterl Q: short-acting beta agonists (SABA) Ans: albuterol, levalbuterol, metaproterenol Q: long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) Ans: Tiotropium (Spiriva) Q: Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) Ans: Ipratropium (available alone or in combo with albuterol) Q: Corticosteroids Ans: beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, traimcinol...