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Introduction to Disaster Preparedness
Aim and audience 
This module provides a common starting point for understanding and discussing disasters, 
disaster management, and disaster preparedness as part of a National Society's mission, and 
discusses the potential scope of disaster preparedness measures. 
This module is appropriate for anyone who has general responsibilities for disaster 
management and programme implementation. Non-technical personnel interested in 
acquiring a better understanding of disaster preparedness a...
- Class notes
- • 380 pages •
Aim and audience 
This module provides a common starting point for understanding and discussing disasters, 
disaster management, and disaster preparedness as part of a National Society's mission, and 
discusses the potential scope of disaster preparedness measures. 
This module is appropriate for anyone who has general responsibilities for disaster 
management and programme implementation. Non-technical personnel interested in 
acquiring a better understanding of disaster preparedness a...
Disaster response and contingency planning guide
Chapter 1 
Introduction 
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a world leader in disaster management. 
Effective preparedness for and response to emergency situations are fundamental elements of its 
mandate, and support the fulfilment of basic human rights and respect for humanity. The 
Movement’s comparative advantages are its large number of paid and volunteer staff throughout the 
world, who are able to respond immediately at local level, and the significant resources of...
- Class notes
- • 76 pages •
Chapter 1 
Introduction 
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a world leader in disaster management. 
Effective preparedness for and response to emergency situations are fundamental elements of its 
mandate, and support the fulfilment of basic human rights and respect for humanity. The 
Movement’s comparative advantages are its large number of paid and volunteer staff throughout the 
world, who are able to respond immediately at local level, and the significant resources of...
DIFFUSION POTENTIAL, RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND ACTION
DIFFUSION POTENTIAL, RESTING 
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND ACTION 
POTENTIAL 
A.N Malik 
Ion channels 
• They are integral proteins that permit passage of specific ions 
• Properties of ion channels 
• Selective: allow passage of ions of specific sizes or charge e.g. a sodium 
channel for only sodium ions…chloride ions wont pass 
• Exist in open or closed state: Open state when ions are passing through 
while closed state when no ions are passion thro 
• Conductance/permeability: proba...
- Class notes
- • 14 pages •
DIFFUSION POTENTIAL, RESTING 
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND ACTION 
POTENTIAL 
A.N Malik 
Ion channels 
• They are integral proteins that permit passage of specific ions 
• Properties of ion channels 
• Selective: allow passage of ions of specific sizes or charge e.g. a sodium 
channel for only sodium ions…chloride ions wont pass 
• Exist in open or closed state: Open state when ions are passing through 
while closed state when no ions are passion thro 
• Conductance/permeability: proba...
DIFFERENT ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
DIFFERENT ROUTES OF 
DRUG ADMINISTRATION 
GROUP 1 
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT ROUTES OF 
ADMINISTRATION 
1. Subcutaneous 
2. Intrathecal 
3. Transdermal 
4. Intra-arterial 
5. Per-vaginal 
6. Oral route 
7. Sublingual 
8. Parectal 
9. Intravenous 
10. Intramuscular 
11. Intradermal 
12. Transnasal 
13. Inhaled medication 
14. Intraosseous 
15. Topica 
ORAL ROUTE 
• This is the route of drug administration that involves uptake of drug drug 
through the oral cavity. 
ADVANTAGES 
1. Its cheap method...
- Class notes
- • 45 pages •
DIFFERENT ROUTES OF 
DRUG ADMINISTRATION 
GROUP 1 
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT ROUTES OF 
ADMINISTRATION 
1. Subcutaneous 
2. Intrathecal 
3. Transdermal 
4. Intra-arterial 
5. Per-vaginal 
6. Oral route 
7. Sublingual 
8. Parectal 
9. Intravenous 
10. Intramuscular 
11. Intradermal 
12. Transnasal 
13. Inhaled medication 
14. Intraosseous 
15. Topica 
ORAL ROUTE 
• This is the route of drug administration that involves uptake of drug drug 
through the oral cavity. 
ADVANTAGES 
1. Its cheap method...
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- Class notes
- • 6 pages •
	 
	 
	 
	 
	 
 
 
 
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World Conference on Disaster Reduction
I. Preamble 
1. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held from 18 to 22 January 2005 
in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action : 
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as 
the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a 
strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities1 
 and risks to hazards.2 
 It 
underscored the need for, and identified ways of,...
- Class notes
- • 25 pages •
I. Preamble 
1. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held from 18 to 22 January 2005 
in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action : 
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as 
the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a 
strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities1 
 and risks to hazards.2 
 It 
underscored the need for, and identified ways of,...
Public health issues in disasters
Public health issues in disasters 
Eric K. Noji, MD, MPH 
T 
hroughout history, natural disasters have exacted a heavy toll 
of death and suffering (1). Most 
recently, the Bam earthquake in 
Iran resulted in thousands of deaths, injuries, and homelessness (2) (Table 1). The 
problem has not improved much despite 
much attention by the international scientific community (3). Global climate change 
brings the potential for severe weather 
events and flooding, and the introduction 
of tropical ...
- Class notes
- • 5 pages •
Public health issues in disasters 
Eric K. Noji, MD, MPH 
T 
hroughout history, natural disasters have exacted a heavy toll 
of death and suffering (1). Most 
recently, the Bam earthquake in 
Iran resulted in thousands of deaths, injuries, and homelessness (2) (Table 1). The 
problem has not improved much despite 
much attention by the international scientific community (3). Global climate change 
brings the potential for severe weather 
events and flooding, and the introduction 
of tropical ...
DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS 
 Definition. 
 What is Diabetes? 
Either inability of the pancreas to secrete any 
or insufficient insulin. 
 OR a metabolic disorder characterized by a 
relative or absolute lack of insulin. 
 This results in the lack of insulin, and hence 
high blood sugar which affects other 
metabolic processes in the body. 
Symptoms of DM 
2 
What is Diabetes Mellitus 
• A metabolic disease characterized by 
• Hyperglycemia 
• altered metabolism of lipid, CHO 
& Pr...
- Class notes
- • 155 pages •
DIABETES MELLITUS 
 Definition. 
 What is Diabetes? 
Either inability of the pancreas to secrete any 
or insufficient insulin. 
 OR a metabolic disorder characterized by a 
relative or absolute lack of insulin. 
 This results in the lack of insulin, and hence 
high blood sugar which affects other 
metabolic processes in the body. 
Symptoms of DM 
2 
What is Diabetes Mellitus 
• A metabolic disease characterized by 
• Hyperglycemia 
• altered metabolism of lipid, CHO 
& Pr...
Descriptive & Analytic Epidemiology
Descriptive & Analytic Epidemiology 
How we view the world….. 
• Pessimist: The glass is 
half empty. 
• Optimist: The glass is 
half full. 
• Epidemiologist: As 
compared to what? 
Descriptive epidemiology 
• Attempts to explain the reason for disease 
occurrence. 
• Examines the distribution of disease in 
populations 
• Knowledge of such distributions is essential to 
describe patterns of disease as well as to help 
identify risk factors 
• Examines the characteristics ...
- Class notes
- • 16 pages •
Descriptive & Analytic Epidemiology 
How we view the world….. 
• Pessimist: The glass is 
half empty. 
• Optimist: The glass is 
half full. 
• Epidemiologist: As 
compared to what? 
Descriptive epidemiology 
• Attempts to explain the reason for disease 
occurrence. 
• Examines the distribution of disease in 
populations 
• Knowledge of such distributions is essential to 
describe patterns of disease as well as to help 
identify risk factors 
• Examines the characteristics ...
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS & ACCUMULATIONS
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 
& ACCUMULATIONS 
Intracellular accumulations 
 Manifestations of cellular metabolic 
derangement that accumulates substances 
within the cells. 
 May accumulate cellular components or 
abnormal substances or pigments e.g 
I. Normal endogenous substances: 
May be produced at normal rates. The 
metabolic rate of its removal is 
inadequate e.g fatty change. 
II. Normal or abnormal endogenous 
substances: accumulating because of 
genetic or acquired defects in i...
- Class notes
- • 13 pages •
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 
& ACCUMULATIONS 
Intracellular accumulations 
 Manifestations of cellular metabolic 
derangement that accumulates substances 
within the cells. 
 May accumulate cellular components or 
abnormal substances or pigments e.g 
I. Normal endogenous substances: 
May be produced at normal rates. The 
metabolic rate of its removal is 
inadequate e.g fatty change. 
II. Normal or abnormal endogenous 
substances: accumulating because of 
genetic or acquired defects in i...