Cheyannepoe

1. What is pH? Degree of acidity or alkalinity 7.35- 7.45 Reflects H+ (hydrogen) ion concentration in fluid Cellular function is impaired if PH is abnormal Death likely if pH below 6.9 or above 7.8 2. Describe an acid. What is the relation to H+ ions? Large amount of H+ ions/pH low 3. Describe a base. What is the relation to H+ ions? Few H+ ions/pH high 4. What are the types of acid our bodies make during normal cellular metabolism? Carbonic & Metabolic acid

a. Glucose: Broken down carbohydrates for energy. sugar b. Glucagon: Hormone produced by alpha cells of pancreas. Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver. c. Glycogen: Carbohydrate consist of glucose produced in muscle and liver from stored glucose. d. Insulin: Hormone produced by beta cells of pancreas. Energy metabolism e. Glycolysis: Breakdown of sugar so cells can use f. Glycogenesis: production of glucose from breakdown of glycogen in liver and muscle tissue g. Gluconeo...

Beta-blockers: These drugs block the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) on beta receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. They are used to treat hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Calcium Channel Blockers: These medications block the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and decreased heart rate. They are used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias.

1. To assure effective use of antibacterials, the nurse should encourage the patient to… Take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the symptoms improve before completing the treatment. This helps ensure that all bacteria causing the infection are eliminated and reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance. 2. In the patient with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin’s… Penicillin is contraindicated in patients with a history of anaphylaxis to them. The nurse should ...

Pharmacology final exam practice questions 1. A post-menopausal patient is placed on a bisphosphonate--Alendronate (Fosamax) to prevent osteoporosis. She is instructed to tell the nurse if she develops which if the following? A. Tiredness or sedation B. Pain or a sore in her jaw or gums C. A headache D. An increase in urinary frequency 2. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is being treated with Adalimumab (Humira). Side effects associated with this drug may include: A. Metabolic c...

Drug name Causes Used for Extra notes

Study Guide Exam 1 For Drug Laws, make sure you know the main points of the Pure Food and Drug Act: Standards of drug strength and purity, prohibits mislabeling or adulteration. The Food drug and Cosmetic Act: Enforced registration of sale, and distribution. Must be safe. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act: Pediatric research equity 2003, Set up pediatric drug trials. The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act: Informs off label use. FDA Amendments Act: Post marketing s...