Papersbyjol

Identify various surgical and non-surgical orthopaedic injuries? - ANSWERSurgical: fractures, dislocated joint, hip replacement Non-surgical: sprain, strain What is traction? - ANSWERUtilizes a pulling force to maintain alignment of the bone so that healing can occur. It also reduces the fracture and decrease muscle spams -> decreases pain. Describe the nurgement related to a client in traction? - ANSWER- Weight must be hang free and be properly prescribed weight - Linens should no...

Lachman Test- what is it, and how do we position for test. - ANSWERBest indicator of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury Done to detect the presence of an ACL tear Position the patient supine with knee at 200 to 300 of flexion. The leg should also be slightly externally rotated. Use one hand to stabilize the femur while moving the proximal tibia anteriorly. Musculoskeletal System- Major Parts: - ANSWERBones: 206 in adults; inorganic salts with collagen fiber framework. Joints: Collect...

Fractures • Signs and symptoms - ANSWERo Continuous pain; unnatural movement; deformity is possible o Shortening of the extremity b/c of muscle spasm o Crepitus may occur from bones grating together o Swelling and discoloration—worry about compartment syndrome Fractures • Treatment - ANSWERo Immobilize the bond ends plus the adjacent joints otherwise causes continuous damage to occur o To prevent further injury—support fracture above and below the site; and move extremit...

rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWERMultisystem inflammation extra articular manifestations 40-60 y/o and females (75%) - ANSWERtypical diagnosis age and gender for RA typical descriptors of the joint in RA - ANSWERlaxity, sublaxation, contractures, nodules ankylosing Pannus - ANSWERan abnormal layer of fibrovascular or granulation tissue over joint tissue, destroys cartilage Morning stiffness. Painful, stiff, & swollen joints. Limited range of motion of joints. History of late afternoon ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) - ANSWERdegenerative joint disease; most common joint disorder. combination of carilage degradation, bone stifening, and inflammation of the synovium causes pain and functional impairment joints feel wrose the more they are used throughout the day. Modifiable Risk Factors of OA - ANSWERobesity repeptitive use Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for OA - ANSWERincreased age female previous joint damage deformity genetic susceptibility Symptoms of OA - AN...

Dermatomyositis - ANSWERchronic systemic immunological disease involving inflammation of the skin, connective tissue, and muscles, causes widespread skin rash and permanent bumps underneath skin Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis S/S - ANSWER-Muscle weakness -Red or purple symmetric rash (heliotrope) -Scaly, smooth, or raised rash on knuckles and sides of hand (gottron's papules) -Joint redness, pain, and inflammation and decreased ROM -Weakened pharyngeal muscles Polymyositis/Dermatomyo...

Cartilage is made of - ANSWERcollagen and protein Joint Cartilage is made of - ANSWERextracellular matrix and chondrocytes Extracellular matrix contains primarily - ANSWERtype 2, 4, and 6 collagens as well as aggrecan proteoglycans Type 2 collagen is responsible for - ANSWERprotecting the ends of bone within a joint What does the inflammatory response during degeneration of cartilage increase? - ANSWERthe breakdown of remaining healthy cartilage, leading to further degeneration Os...

When teaching seniors at a community recreation center, which information will the nurse include about ways to prevent fractures? a. Tack down scatter rugs in the home. b. Most falls happen outside the home. c. Buy shoes that provide good support and are comfortable to wear. d. Range-of-motion exercises should be taught by a physical therapist. - ANSWERANS: C Comfortable shoes with good support will help decrease the risk for falls. Scatter rugs should be eliminated, not just tacked down. A...

4 steps of bone healing - ANSWERhematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, remodeling factor in bone healing responsible for bone cell formation - ANSWERCa+2 needed to absorb calcium - ANSWERvitamin D if this lab value is elevated we look for bone disease - ANSWERalkaline phosphatase uptake of dye shows inflammatory process - ANSWERbone scan if a patient is allergic to shellfish then what might be of concern regarding diagnostic radiology? - ANSWERcertai...

What is the most commonly reported injuries? - ANSWERContusions, Strains, and Sprains. Contusion - ANSWERBlunt force-bleeding into soft tissue, but skin remains intact. (Swelling, discoloration of skin) Least serious Strain - ANSWERStretching injury to a muscle or a muscle-tendon unit. Caused by mechanical overloading. (Pain, limited motion, muscle spasms/weakness, swelling.) Most common: lower abck and Hamstring muscle Sprain - ANSWERStretch/tear of ligaments surrounding joint. (Loss o...