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False (they don't last forever) - True or false, a perfectly done dental restoration should last a lifetime Microorganisms and mechanical stresses - What are the two main reasons for tooth breakdown? Biomechanics and Occlusion - What two things make up the foundations of the aesthetic pyramid? True - True or false we should etch both the dentin and enamel before a composite restoration To open up the dentinal tubules - Why should we etch the dentin before a composite restoration? ...

What is biochemistry? - Study or the chemistry of life processses at the molecular level What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - DNA -> RNA -> Protein Using transcription and translation What are the major biomolecules? - Protein, lipids, carbs, nucleic acid Important role of proteins - -signaling molecules -receptors -cellular structure -mobility -immune defense -BIOCATALYST (ENZYMES)

Which bonds are important in biology? - Permanent bonds-covalent for backbones Transient bonds-hydrogen for structural changes What is the difference between covalent and non-covalent interactions? - Covalent bonds share electrons while noncovalent bonds don't share of electrons What are hydrophobic interactions? - Association or interactions of nonpolar molecules or components of molecules in aqueous solution -main driving force of -protein folding -protein protein interactions ...

What is the proteome? - functional representation of the genome -entire set of proteins expressed and modified by a cell under a particular set of biochemical conditions. -not all proteins are expressed in every cell How can we analyze the proteome? - Isolate, characterize and catalog the proteins Characterizing proteins - 1. Get access (bust open cell) 2. Purify sample 3. Assess the purity of the sample 4. Determine structure by NMR or X-ray crystallography What is the purpose...

autosomal dominant - inheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome autosomal recessive - two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop heterozygous - having two different alleles for a trait homozygous - having two identical alleles for a trait incomplete dominance - case in which one allele is not completely dominant over another, the phenotypes get mixed together (ex: pink) the phenotypes varies continuously with levels of ...

How are connective tissues classified? - By the packing of collagen and the mechanical properties determined by ECM Describe structure of collagen - Molecules made of protein triple helix, fibres made of many molecules (like mini ropes), high tensile stiffness+strength Describe the passive LD response of cortical bone - Linearly elastic initially (Hook'es Law) + somewhat ductile Describe the LD response of cortical bone - Stiffer/tougher under compression than tension or shear, will br...

Define physical activity according to the lecture. How is it measured? - Physical activity is defined as any force exerted by skeletal muscles resulting in energy usage above resting levels. It's measured in volume (amount of energy expended) and intensity (rate of energy expenditure). What are the key components of health mentioned in the lecture? - The key components of health include physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being. What is the difference between well-being and freed...

Define the difference between kinematics and kinetics - Kinematic - positional history - how a rigid body moves (how fast, when, where) Kinetics - energy,work and force - why it moves Difference between velocity and acceleration - Velocity vector - rate of change of displacement and distance Acceleration vector - rate of change of velocity Define work - The transfer of energy from one body to another Define power - The rate of work - the product of force + velocity Define mass - Li...

3 articulations form synovial joints - - gleno-humeral (GH joint = the main "ball and socket" / enarthrosis) - sterno-clavicular (also 3 DoF, 2 significant, 1 limited) - acromio-clavicular (also 2 DoF, all 3 limited) 2 shoulder motion components - - scapulo-humeral (GHJ movement) - scapulo-thoracic (combines movement of SCJ, ACJ, and C-T spine) ISB JCS for GH Joint - • horizonal ab-adduction (Yp) bi-polar axis -lines of latitude • internal-external rotation (Yd)= long axis of hum...

What is articulation + what does it do - The contact between segments (contact patches between bones) + it contains relative motion of segments through contact and reaction force (compression) Differentiate between a join and a joint - A join constrains relative motion of segments through tension, a joint is a set of articulated bones + tissues - 2,3,4 bones involved What does it mean to have 6 DoF? - Can move in 3 orthogonal translations + 3 orthogonal rotations Segmental vs joint posi...