Vinartmodel

Decreased perfusion of what structure is responsible for renin release in HTN? - Afferent Arteriole, JG cells located in Afferent Arteriole respond to decreased BP because HTN causes renal stenosis and loss of flow. Name that Bug, What it causes, Where you get it: Gram + Beta Hemolytic Catalase Positive - Listeria Monocytogenes, Meningitis, Unpasteurized Milk (Adults) In a Male X-Ray you see pelvic bone cancer. What is a physical exam technique to reach a dx? - Digital Rectal Exam, Pros...

Skin rash and itching worse at night, mostly between fingers. Treatment? - topical permethrin for scabies 41yo M with fever, dysuria, pyuria and bacteruria. Next step in management? - perform DRE - must distinguish between UTI and prostatitis - prostatic warmth, tenderness, edema, boggyness suggests prostatitis 3yo girl, mother is not sure when she ingested coin. Next step? - flexible endoscopy - if ingestion time <24hrs and asx, observation and repeat xrays in 12-24hrs to ensure coi...

Wide pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses - PDA Echo findings in dilated cardiomyopathy - Diffuse hypokalemia and dilation of the ventricles Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy - Viral illness, alcohol, ischemia Tx for life threatening hyperkalemia - Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate X-ray finding doe ankylosing spondylitis - Narrowing or sclerosis of the SI joints Cause of amenorrhea is bleeding occurs after progesterone challenge - Anovulation Treatment for SIADH - ...

Sabouraud's agar - Fungi Fungal spores - Most fungal spores are asexual. Both coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are transmitted by inhalation of asexual spores. Conidia = asexual fungal spores (e.g., blastoconidia, athroconidia) Histoplasmosis - Dimorphic fungi that can cause systemic mycosis, endemic to Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Causes pneumonia. In bird or bat droppings. Intracellular (tiny yeast inside macrophages [below]): <img src="158a - Histoplasmosis.JPG" /> ...

what is the best initial thing to do in a patient with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - aggressive volume resuscitation - they are generally severely volume depleted then IV insulin *avoid management of hyperkalemia because these guys usually have a total body potassium deficit what can occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes - hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) or DKA describe Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) - -likely in DM T2 -negative serum ketones (which...

Fetal hydantoin syndrome - D/t use of phenytoin or other anti-epileptic (*valproic acid, carbamazepine*), which can cross the placenta, generating *low folate* and high oxidative metabolites. Results in *cleft lip and palate, wide anterior fontanelle, distal phalange hypoplasia, cardiac anomalies, neural tube defects, microcephaly*, causing developmental delay and poor cognitive outcomes. Of these risks, *neural tube defects* is the *greatest*. Fetal alcohol syndrome - Can present w/ mi...

65 yo F has a 3 month hx of *increasing low back pain*. Had low back pain for past 3 yrs that's been treated w/NSAIDs and codeine. Now rated as 7/10 in severity. Pain radiates to both legs, worsens when walking or standing & Relieved when sitting. 1 YEAR AGO: X ray lumbosacral spine: mild osteoarthritis. Exam: 4/5 mm strength LE, hyporeflexia of knees&ankles b/, unsteady gait b/c of pain. No other abnormalities. Most appropriate diagnostic study of lumbosacral spine to order at this time? - *MR...

A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of persistent, high-pitched ringing noises in his ears. He has also been losing his balance lately. A CT scan of the head shows bilateral tumors involving the vestibulocochlear nerve. Which of the following chromosomes contains the tumor suppressor gene most likely to be involved in this case? 3p 5q 13q 17q 22q - E)22q The patient has bilateral acoustic neuromas, probably due to neurofibromatosis type 2, an autosomal dominant inheri...

12079. Characteristics of a galactocele? - May occur weeks to months after cessation of breastfeeding and is due to ductal blockage with resulting milk accumulation. Exam shows a soft, mobile, nontender mass. Dx is made by US and needle aspiration (also curative). 12289. What might occur by treating pts with right sided HF (possibly due to COPD) with IV furosemide? - This will improve symptoms. However, you will get depletion of intravascular volume from diuresis. This can lead to AKI (BUN/Cr...

patients blood smear shows that he has small hyper chromic red cells, without central pallor. this is called______ and what is another issue they will likely have? - speherocytes gallstones this HIV drug gives people bad dreams, dizzy, poor sleep, anxiety... - Efafirenz abacavir side effect - abacavir someone has urge incontinence. what is initial treatment? - frequent voluntary voiding pt on sumatriptan for migraine, what else should she NOT take - -ergots both are 5-ht agonists, ...