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BCH210 EXAM| 341 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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  • University Of Toronto (U Of T )

agarose and agar correct answer: polysaccharides used to run DNA gels and for microbial plates bacterial cell walls correct answer: contain polysaccharides in their peptidoglycan layer lectins correct answer: are proteins that bind to sugars protein glycolsylation correct answer: assis...

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  • August 14, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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  • bch210 exam| 341 questions| with complete solution

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BCH210 EXAM| 341 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
agarose and agar correct answer: polysaccharides used to run
DNA gels and for microbial plates

bacterial cell walls correct answer: contain polysaccharides in
their peptidoglycan layer

lectins correct answer: are proteins that bind to sugars

protein glycolsylation correct answer: assists in folding and
cellular recognition, e.g. ABO blood groups

-ose correct answer: indicates a molecule is some kind of carb

blood group antigens correct answer: glycoproteins containing
different oligosaccharides

glucose and fructose correct answer: C6H12O6, they are
isomers, functional groups organized differently, both
monosaccharides

sucrose correct answer: a disaccharide composed of glucose and
fructose linked by an O-glycosidic bond

simplest monosaccharide formula correct answer: (C • H2O)n
n is any number >= 3

,ketose vs aldose correct answer: ketose sugars have a ketone
group (C=O on Carbon 2)
aldose sugars have an aldehyde group ( C=O on Carbon 1)

D or L correct answer: assigned to the asymmetric chiral carbon
furthest away to the carbonyl (last hydroxyl group on the sugar
that is on a chiral carbon determines the L or D isomeric form)
-D OH on right
-L OH on left

formula for different linear hexoses correct answer: 2^n
n is # of chiral carbons
-a ketoheptose has 7 carbons, 4 of which are chiral (ignore last
Carbon and first 2 carbons) so 2^4=16, 16 linear stereoisomers

D sugars correct answer: biologically important

carbohydrate cyclization correct answer: aldehyde/ketone
carbonyl undergo nucleophilic attack by hydroxyl groups
-forms a hemiacetal bond (aldehyde derivative)
-or a hemiketal bond (ketone deriative)

hemiacetal bond correct answer: aldehyde derivative

hemiketal bond correct answer: ketone derivatice

hemiacetal formation correct answer: 1. lone pair of electrons
on an alcohol's oxygen attacks the aldehyde group
2. aldehyde grabs a proton from water
3. original alcohol that attacked donates a proton back to water

,4. new alcohol group is formed & alcohol's side chain + O is
attached

Glucose Cyclization correct answer: C5 OH reacts with C1
aldehyde group to form pyranose ring: Glucopyranose
can be:
1. α -D-glucopyranose (hydroxyl on C5 attacks from top and
new hydroxyl is below the plane of the ring)
2. β-D-glucopyranose (hydroxyl on C5 attacks from below and
new hydroxyl is above the plane of the ring)

α -D-glucopyranose correct answer: glucose cyclization,
hydroxyl on C5 attacks from top and new hydroxyl is below the
plane of the ring

β-D-glucopyranose correct answer: glucose cyclization,
hydroxyl on C5 attacks from below and new hydroxyl is above
the plane of the ring
MORE STABLE FORM as not directly beside other OH

isomer correct answer: same molecular formula, diff structure

constitutional isomer correct answer: diff order of functional
group bonding

stereoisomers correct answer: same formula and order but
-enantiomer
-diastereoisomer

enantiomer correct answer: Non-superimposable mirror image
-invert all chiral centres

, diastereoisomers correct answer: isomers that are not mirror
images but have same formula and order
-epimer
-anomer

diastereoisomer epimer correct answer: differ at one
asymmetric carbon (D vs. L)
-invert some chiral centres but not all

diastereoisomers anomer correct answer: differ at newly formed
asymmetric C in the ring structure

chair conformation: new OH axial correct answer: α form

chair conformation: new OH equatorial correct answer: β form

mutarotation correct answer: the optical rotatio of light resulting
from a change at the anomeric carbon

reducing sugars correct answer: open chain aldoses if they can
react w/ oxidizing agents (have a free aldehyde)
oxidizing agent = copper, aldehyde is converted to a sugar acid

identifying reducing sugars in cyclic sugars correct answer:
look for a free hydroxyl by the anomeric carbon

carbohydrate modification correct answer: sugars can be
phosphorylated, methylated or N-containing functional groups
maybe be added
hydroxyls may be removed

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