NROS 307/NROS 418/NROS 310 /Bundle Set

What types of signal sequences are likely to be cleaved off and which are not? Explain why this is the case. - Answer Signal sequences that are a series of hydrophobic aa are most likely to be cleaved off because the protein needs to be soluble and secreted in the membrane. Describe the functio...

What are the main organs affected by cystic fibrosis? - Answer Lungs, any organ that has epithelial cells, mucus, and secretory system which requires regulation of that mucus Describe the main function of the CFTR protein and how it is regulated. - Answer responsible for regulating the proper...

What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton and what are their main functions? - Answer Actin/microfilament: critical in muscle contraction, in microvili Microtubules: organized, extend out from nucleus (except neurons), form flagella Intermediate filaments: structural integrity Wh...

Combined Definition of Threshold - Answer Threshold is the voltage where the probability of the S4 domain movement applied to the number of available voltage gated Na+ channels results in an inward current that overcomes the outward current and triggers positive feedback leading to an action poten...

Describe the signals and mechanisms required for import into the peroxisome. - Answer -peroxisomal targeting sequence -peroxisomal import machinery (Pex5 receptor- first thing that binds on and recognizes signal sequence) Describe the functions of the SRP (signal recognition particle). - Answe...

Why does the organization of the eye guarantee that we have a blind spot? Why can't we normally detect the blind spot? - Answer Lack of photoreceptors in this area because it is where the optic nerve and blood vessels exit the eye. We cannot detect the blind spot because we use our surroundings t...

Why are there motor proteins associated with both actin filaments and microtubules but not intermediate filaments? - Answer Actin filaments and microtubules are highly polarized, therefore allowing motor proteins to form associations with them. Intermediate filaments are unpolarized and do not bin...

Why is it important that proteins get targeted to the right cellular location? - Answer They are made for a specific function of a specific organelle. It would be useless without being in the right place in the cell. How do proteins get to the appropriate target(s) within the cell? - Answer A...

Describe what would happen to the nuclear export process if RAN GAP was present on both sides of nuclear membrane - Answer Ran would be in the GDP form inside the nucleus. Nuclear export would cease because exportin would not be able to bind RAN-GTP and thus not bind and export cargo. You have ...

Why does the brain interpret both positive and negative signals? - Answer What matters is that there is a change (+/-). As long as circuitry is set up to respond to that change. Dark Current - Answer In dark PRC, CNGC open because cGMP is around to open them = increase in Ca and Na and decrea...

Define adaptation - Answer Reduction of sensory responsiveness when stimulation is unchanging. It prevents us from having to respond continuously to unimportant information Explain the adaptation process for the visual pathway - Answer Low levels of Ca++ activate recoverin which activates rho...

what is the dark current and what causes it - Answer -Dark current is the pumps and channels that are involved in the Visual Signal Transduction Pathway -In the dark, there is an increase in cGMP What effect does light have on the membrane potential of rods and cones - Answer -an increase in...

The glomeruli in the olfactory bulb are thought to be fundamental units of organization in the olfactory system. Why is this? What information comes into a glomerulus? - Answer •Granule cells inhibit projection neurons •They are thought to be the fundamental units because all of the recepto...