PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2021

1) A nurse is assessing a client who is taking levothyroxine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of levothyroxine overdose? a) Insomnia i) Rationale: Levothyroxine overdose will result in manifestations of hyperthyroidism, which include Insomnia, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. b) Constipation i) Rationale: Constipation is a manifestation of hypothyroidism and indicates an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. c) Drowsiness i) Rationale: Drowsiness is a manifestation of hypothyroidism and indicates an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. d) Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes i) Rationale: Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes are manifestations of hypothyroidism and indicate an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. 2) A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been on levothyroxine for several months. Which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic response to the medication? a) Decrease in level of thyroxine (T4) i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see an increase in the T4. b) Increase in weight i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see a decrease in weight, as hypothyroidism causes a decrease in metabolism with weight gain. c) Increase in hr of sleep per night i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see a decrease in the hr of sleep per night, as hypothyroidism causes sluggishness with increased hr of sleep. d) Decrease in level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). i) Rationale: In hypothyroidism, the nonfunctioning thyroid gland is unable to respond to the TSH, and no endogenous thyroid hormones are released. This results in an elevation of the TSH level as the anterior pituitary continues to release the TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland. Administration of exogenous thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine, turns off this feedback loop, which results in a decreased level of TSH. 3) A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following medications can cause glucose intolerance? a) Ranitidine i) Serum creatinine levels b) Guafenesin i) Drowsiness and dizziness c) Prednisone i) Glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia, patient might require increased dosage of hypoglycemic med. d) Atorvastatin i) Thyroid function tests. 4) A nurse is caring for a client receiving mydriatic eye drops. Which of the following clinical manifestations indicates to the nurse that the client has developed a systemic anticholinergic effect? a) Seizures b) Tachypnea c) Constipation i) Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects such as constipation, dry mouth, photophobia, and tachycardia. d) Hypothermia 5) A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving IV furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances? a) Hypernatremia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyponatremia. b) Hyperuricemia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyperuricemia. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the provider for any tenderness or swelling of the joints. c) Hypercalcemia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypocalcemia. d) Hyperchloremia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypochloremia. 6) A nurse is talking to a client who is taking a calcium supplement for osteoporosis. The client tells the nurse she is experiencing flank pain. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse suspect? a) Renal stones 7) A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin? a) Hemoglobin b) Prothrombin time (PT) i) Rationale: This test is used to monitor warfarin therapy. For a client receiving full anticoagulant therapy,should typically be approximately two to three times the normal value, depending on the indication for therapeutic anticoagulation. c) Bleeding time d) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 8) A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream? a) Glucose b) Ammonia i) Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma. c) Potassium d) Bicarbonate 9) A nurse is educating a group of clients about the contraindications of warfarin therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a) "Clients who have glaucoma should not take warfarin." b) "Clients who have rheumatoid arthritis should not take warfarin." c) "Clients who are pregnant should not take warfarin." i) Rationale: Warfarin therapy is contraindicated in the pregnant client because it crosses the placenta and places the fetus at risk for bleeding. d) "Clients who have hyperthyroidism should not take warfarin." 10) A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness." i) Rationale: Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching. b) "I take this medication at the same time each day." i) Rationale: The client should take warfarin at the same time each day to m