Adult Nursing - Exam 2 Study Guide 2022 Latest Solved Update

Adult Nursing - Exam 2 Study Guide 2022 Latest Solved Update Raynaud's: What are the common triggers so that you can educate patients on what to avoid? - ANSRaynuad's is form of intermittent arteriolar vasoconstriction that causes cold, pain and pallor of fingertips and toes Avoid stimuli like cold, tobacco and stress; wear gloves or socks to keep warm PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease): Why is exercise helpful and important for these patients? How does it help their pain? Which patients with PAD should NOT exercise? What are some nursing interventions for patients with PAD? - ANS-PAD is the result of systemic atherosclerosis, it alters natural flow of blood through arteries and veins of peripheral circulation Blood flow to lower extremities needs to be enhanced, neutral and dependent positioning helps Encourage movement (walking) to point of pain, then rest, then resume. CAUTION- the following worsen with exercise: cellulitis, leg ulcers, gangrene and acute thrombotic occlusion Avoid hot water bottles and heating pads on extremities: can cause reflex vasodilation in extremities, but too cold can cause vasoconstriction. A hot water bottle could be used with caution on the abdomen to warm a cold patient. Emotional stress can result in peripheral vasoconstriction Avoid constrictive clothing What is intermittent claudication? - ANS-Intermittent claudication is Arterial insufficiency Hallmark signs: aching, cramping, inducing fatigue or weakness occurs with activity and relieved at rest Pain commonly in muscles that are distal to area of stenosis or occlusion (Ex if pain is in foot, blockage would be at knee) Dependent position can relieve pain. Color: pale and cool when elevated, ruddy and cyanotic when dependent BRUITs, nail changes, skin changes, gangrene, ulcerations and muscle atrophy may all be present. What are common skin characteristics for patients with vascular problems? What is the difference between Rubor and Cyanosis? - ANS-Color: pallor, CONTINUES...