Ardms Abdomen Board Review 2023

the normal AP ddimension of the aorta lumen should not exceed - ANSWER-3 cm the celiac trunk is the first _____ branch of the aorta - ANSWER-anterior the celiac trifurcates into...? - ANSWER-the common hepatic artery the left gastric artery the splenic artery the gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the...? - ANSWER-the common hepatic artery this artery branches off the anterior aspect of the aorta and travels vertically anterior and parallel to the aorta - ANSWER-the superior mesenteric artery which renal artery has a more complicated course? - ANSWER-the right renal artery an arterial disease in which the vessel wall loses its elasticity and becomes hardened - ANSWER-arteriosclerosis dilatation of a segment of a vessel wall caused by a weakness of all three layers of the vessel wall..? - ANSWER-aneurysm majority of aneurysms are located below...? - ANSWER-the level of the renal arteries the most common type of a true aneurysm is...? - ANSWER-fusiform tear of the intima layer of the vessel wall is a... - ANSWER-dissecting aneurysm aneurysm caused by arterial catheterization or trauma - ANSWER-pseudo aneurysm which renal vein has the more complicated course? - ANSWER-the left renal vein the right gonadal vein empties directly into the IVC but the left gonadal vein empties... - ANSWER-into the left renal vein which then empties into the IVC a liver measurement greater than ____ - ____ cm is considered hepatomegaly - ANSWER-15-20 normal variant of the right lobe of the liver extends inferiorly and may be mistaken for hepatomegaly - ANSWER-Riedel's Lobe the liver is almost completely covered by... - ANSWER-Glisson's Capsule arrange these in order from most echogenic to least echogenic: pancreas, spleen, renal medullary pyramids, liver, renal sinus, renal cortex - ANSWER-renal sinus pancreas liver or = spleen renal cortex renal medullary pyramids the liver is composed of three lobes... - ANSWER-left lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe the middle hepatic vein divides the liver into ... - ANSWER-right lobe and left lobe the right hepatic vein divides the... - ANSWER-right lobe into anterior and posterior segments the left hepatic vein divides the... - ANSWER-left lobe into medial and lateral segments these veins drain blood from the caudate lobe - ANSWER-the right and left hepatic veins the ligamentum venosum divides the... - ANSWER-caudate lobe and the left lobe the ligamentum teres divides the... - ANSWER-left lobe into medial and lateral segments the falciform ligament divides the ... - ANSWER-right and left lobe the coronary ligament connects the liver to... - ANSWER-the diaphragm the main lobar fissure divides... - ANSWER-right and left lobe the portal triad is... - ANSWER-the portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the common bile duct AST is increased with... - ANSWER-hepatocellular disease this lab value is useful in detecting acute hepatitis before jaundice occurs and following in the course of hepatitis - ANSWER-AST this lab test rises higher than AST and takes longer to return to normal - ANSWER-ALT alkaline phosphatase is increased in... - ANSWER-obstruction of the biliary system decrease in liver function with an increase in the liver enzymes due to the amount of necrosis is known as... - ANSWER-diffuse hepatocellular disease accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes... - ANSWER-fatty liver diffuse inflammatory process of the liver - ANSWER-acute hepatitis diffuse fibrotic process that involves the entire liver.. - ANSWER-cirrhosis autosomal recessive liver disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.... - ANSWER-glycogen storage disease portal vein is considered enlarged if it measures over...? - ANSWER-13mm obstruction of the hepatic veins caused by thrombosis or compression from a liver mass is known as..? - ANSWER-Budd-Chiari Syndrome the gallbladder wall should not exceed... - ANSWER-3 mm the gallbladder is divided into three segments called..? - ANSWER-neck, body, fundus where are the spiral valves of Heister located? - ANSWER-in the cystic duct the three functions of the gallbladder: - ANSWER-concentrate bile, store bile, transport bile what hormone causes the gallbladder to contract? - ANSWER-cholecystokinin (CCK) a fold or septum on the posterior wall between the body and neck is called? - ANSWER-Junctional Fold fold located in the fundal portion of the gallbladder? - ANSWER-phrygian cap small sac located between the junctional fold and the neck of the gallbladder is called? - ANSWER-Hartman's Pouch calcification of the wall of the gallbladder is called? - ANSWER-porcelain gallbladder a hyperplastic change in the gallbladder wall is known as..? - ANSWER-adenomyomatosis when a stone obstructs the cystic duct, this is known as..? - ANSWER-Mirizzi Syndrome inflammation of the gallbladder wall with decreased gallbladder function is..? - ANSWER-acute cholecystitis most common of the benign gallbladder tumors, frequently located in the fundus - ANSWER-adenoma the common bile duct should not exceed... - ANSWER-8 mm the most common fatal liver disorder in children - ANSWER-biliary atresia genetic trait characterized by a segmental saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts that leads to bile stasis, bacterial growth, abscesses, cholangitis, formation of stones, and decreased liver function caused by the compression of the hepatocytes is called? - ANSWER-Caroli's Disease inflammation of the biliary tract caused by bacterial infection of the biliary tract - ANSWER-cholangitis stones in the common bile duct - ANSWER-choledocholithiasis inflammation and fibrosis of bile duct commonly associated with intrahepatic calculi complications is called.. - ANSWER-sclerosing cholangitis this is caused by the absence of blood supply to the gallbladder? - ANSWER-Gangrene of the Gallbladder a shotgun sign is seen when... - ANSWER-bile ducts are dilated carcinoma that arises at the union of the right and left hepatic ducts... - ANSWER-klatskin tumor the head of the pancreas is ______ to the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein - ANSWER-anterior the common bile duct is in the __________ _________ margin of the pancreatic head - ANSWER-posterior lateral the ________ artery may be visualized at the anterior lateral margin of the pancreatic head - ANSWER-gastro-duodenal tongue-like extension of the pancreatic neck - ANSWER-uncinate process a prominent uncinate process will displace the ________ ________ artery and vein _______ to the pancreas - ANSWER-superior mesenteric, anterior largest portion of the pancreas - ANSWER-the body the splenic vein courses along the _________ margin of the pancreas - ANSWER-posterior the portal confluence is _________ to the neck of the pancreas - ANSWER-posterior the main pancreatic duct is also known as - ANSWER-the duct of wirsung the accessory duct is called - ANSWER-duct of santorini true or false, the duct of wirsung and the duct of santorini enter the duodenum together - ANSWER-false true of false, the pancreas has endocrine and exocrine functions - ANSWER-true what are the three different types of cells within the islet cells of Langerhans - ANSWER-alpha, beta, delta which cells secrete insulin? - ANSWER-beta which cells secrete glucagon? - ANSWER-alpha which cells secrete somatostatin - ANSWER-delta the exocrine function of the pancreas secretes these enzymes that aid in digestion - ANSWER-amylase, lipase, trypsin diffuse inflammatory process of the pancreas - ANSWER-pancreatitis this form of pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas goes through inflammatory changes and interstitial edema - ANSWER-edematous this form of pancreatitis occurs when there is a rapid progression of the disease caused by autodigestion of the pancreatic tissue, which causes area of fat necrosis - ANSWER-hemorrhagic form of pancreatitis where inflammation can extend outside the pancreas - ANSWER-phlegmonous encapsulated pancreatic enzymes that are commonly found in the lesser sac? - ANSWER-pseudocyst the spleen is a part of the ________ system - ANSWER-reticuloendothelial breakdown of hemoglobin, formation of bile pigment, formation of antibodies, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, resevoir for blood, blood formation in the fetus are all functions of... - ANSWER-the spleen spleen in the ectopic location - ANSWER-wandering spleen failure of the spleen to develop - ANSWER-aplasia what are the three layers of protection the kidneys have from outside to inside? - ANSWER-Gerota's Fascia, perirenal fat, true capsule