PHYSIOLOGY PLE 2023| 181 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

resting membrane potential electric potential difference across the plasma membrane (-70 mV) Transcription DNA sequence in a gene is copied into RNA for gene expression Translation mRNA is used as a template for protein production Synthesis replication of DNA prior to cell division primary structure of protein amino acid sequence secondary structure of protein twist, folds or twist and folds of amino acid sequence tertiary structure of protein arrangement of twisted chains and folds quaternary structure of protein arrangement of subunits to form a functional structure LDL major lipoprotein source of cholesterol used in cell electrogenic Na+, K+ ATPase extrude 3 Na+ and take 2 K+ Cell membrane - variable protein and lipid contents depending on their location - semipermeable - many proteins embedded - abundant phospholipids -variable composition throughout life of the cell Second messengers mediate the intracellular responses to many different hormones and neurotransmitters. G-protein-coupled receptors plasma membrane proteins that couple the extracellular binding of primary signaling molecules to the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Gap junctions serve as a regulated cytoplasmic bridge for sharing of small molecules between cells