Health and Bot Med Midterm Exam 2023

Health and Bot Med Midterm Exam 2023 Zoopharmacognosy - Correct Answer -Animals that use plants as medicine -Can be preventative or therapeutic -Monarch butterflies: if heavy parasite loads, lay eggs on milkweeds (Asclepias spp., Aponcynaceae) that produce cardenolides to protect offspring from parasites -Fruit flies: selectively lay eggs on high-ethanol substrates to prevent parasitic wasp infection -Chimps: chew bitter pith of sesquiterpene lactones which are anti-helminthic, among other things Paleobotany - Correct Answer Focuses on the recovery and identification of plant remains Shanidar IV - Correct Answer -Neanderthal burial ground in the Zagros mountains of Iraq -Evidence of hominids' use of plants for medicinal purposes as early as 60,000ya -Soil samples from site found Althaea, Senecio, Achillea, Centaurea, Ephedra, and Muscari which are genera we use today -Althaea rosea (L.)-Hollycock used to treat spasms, toothache, and inflammation 'Iceman' Otzi - Correct Answer Well-preserved stomach and bag contents included birch polyvore fungus (Piptoporus betulinus), a purgative to alleviate intestinal worms (helminthic infection) Ebers Papyrus - Correct Answer -Ancient Egyptian prescriptions -Oldest medical text -1550 BCE -Bought by Georg Ebers (German Egyptologist in 1872) Shen nong ben cao - Correct Answer -Chinese -200 BCE -"Drug treatise of the divine countryman" -365 drugs, mostly of plant origin Hippocrates of Kos - Correct Answer -Father of western medicine -Earliest compilation was "Hippocratic Corpus" of 60 texts; 400-200 BCE -Wrote the Hippocratic Oath Hippocratic Corpus - Correct Answer -Collection of 60 early Ancient Greek medical works strongly associated with the physician Hippocrates and his teachings -Disease as a natural, not magical, process -Foundation of allopathy (opposites cures opposites) in contrast with homeopathy (like cures like) -Importance of diet and dietary restrictions (e.g. described medicinal uses of garlic, celery)