NPTE Exam Questions Well Summarized A 100% Correct Graded A+

NPTE Exam Questions Well Summarized A 100% Correct Graded A+ Hypothyroidism: o Gland: o Pathology/cause: o How screened: o Sx: o Trick: - CORRECT ANSWER-Gland: Thyroid oPathology/cause: dec TH causing generalized depression of metabolism oHow screened: If TSH elevated, then + oSx: cold intolerance, excessive fatigue/lethargy, HA's, Weight Gain, reduced integrity of skin/nails, peripheral edema, peripheral neuropathy, PROXIMALweakness, prolonged deep tendon reflexes oTrick: Causes things to slow down 3 things that lead to clubbed nails - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic hypoxia from heart disease, chirrosis of the liver, or lung cancer Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) A. Definition B. Symptoms C. What are older people at greater risk for with this disease? D. Trick - CORRECT ANSWER-A. A hypermetabolic state associated with exercise intolerance and impaired cardiopulmonary function. B. Symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, arrhythmia. C. increased risk of aggravating pre-existing heart disease such as a fib, angina, MI) D. Causes everything to speed up! Hyperparathyroidism o Gland: o Pathology/cause: o How screened: o Sx: o Trick: - CORRECT ANSWER-• Hyperparathyroidism o Gland: parathyroid o Pathology/cause: inc. PTH → inc. Ca2+ & dec. P. Causes demineralization of bone, loss of bone strength/density o How screened: serum calcium, hypercalcemia = + o Sx: proximal weakness, fatigue, drowsiness, arthralgia/myalgia, depression, glove/stocking sensory loss, osteopenia/fractures, confusion/memory loss, pancreatitis, gout, osteitis fibrosa cystica (bone lesions called Brown tumors) o Trick: Name follows the calcium, bone What is an important initial focus of therapy for someone who has partial thickness burns affecting thorax and neck? p.511 A. Return to preburn function B. Pain Management C. Infection Management D. Chest Wall Mobility - CORRECT ANSWER- Burn Classification by severity - CORRECT ANSWER-• Superficial = first degree • Subnburn; 2-5 days healing • Superficial partial-thickness = second degree • Deep partial-thickness = second degree • 3-5 weeks; blistering, keloid formation • Full-Thickness = third degree • Complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues like fat and some muscle damage • Subdermal = Fourth degree • Involves bone and muscle • Destruction of vascular system = more tissue necrosis • Electrical burn or prolonged burn o Amputation/muscle paralysis common What are the most important muscle for walking? A. Upper Trap, rhomboids, lev scap B. Deltoid, coracobrachialis, brachialis C. Middle Trap, Ser Ant, triceps D. Lower Trap, Lat dorsi, pec major - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Because shoulder depressors, extensors, and elbow extensors nec for crutch use--other answers involve shoulder elevation, and abduction Lesson: look at other answers and eliminate those muscled which are NOT helpful Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate (contraindiated) AFO for a patient with changing leg volume? which IS appropriate? A. Conventional AFO B. Molded Plastic AFO C. Bichannel adjustable ankle lock (BiCAAL) D. Patella tendon bearing rim AFO - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Molded Plastic AFO (p250 manual) A. accomodates limb volume changes--other ones may as well I'm not sure Scoliosis What angles dictate conservative management/physical therapy exclusively would be best? What angles for braces? What angle is surgery required at? - CORRECT ANSWER-For 25 deg, conservative management; 25-45 deg spinal orthoses/braces?, 45 deg surgery required What level of a SCI might a wrist-driven tenodesis orthosis (flexor-hinge orthosis) be used? Define what it does. What level (nerve root) is active finger flexion? - CORRECT ANSWER-Quadriplegia level C6; uses the wrist extensors to approximate the thumb and forefingers in absence of active finger flexion. Flexor Digitorum is C7-T1 What are the pressure tolerant surfaces of the body are accounted for in the making of a socket for the above knee amputee? - CORRECT ANSWER-ischial tuberosity, and gluteals; also lateral side of the thigh, and kind of to the distal end of the amputation but not so much Airway clearance for CF patient in acute respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWER- A. Normal Capillary Refill B. Describe Rubor of Dependency Test C. Ankle Brachial Index Formula D. Protective Sensation: which level of myofilament? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. 3 seconds B. Elevate LE for 1 min, sole of foot goes pale, lower LE to neutral, if adequate arterial circulation the sole of foot should exhibit rubor in 15 sec C. (tibial SBP) / Brachial SBP (normal = 1.0); don't compress .6 or lower D. 5.07 (10g) Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments ABCD's of Melanoma What is a Nevi? - CORRECT ANSWER-Assymetry ( two halves are different) Border (irregular edges) Color: varies throughout mole Diameter: pencil eraser (6mm) - Nevi = Moles, nevus is the singular Stages of Pressure Ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER-Stage I: non-blanchable erythema Stage II: partial thickness skin loss: blister/shallow crater Stage III: FULL thickness skin loss into fat layer, but SUPERFICIAL to fascia Stage IV: full thickness BEYOND fascia and into muscle, maybe even bone Unstageable: obscured by necrotic tissue Anode vs. Cathode: which one is which? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anode: Positive Cathode: Negative A. Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers Primary Secondary B. What is appropriate relief of pressure areas? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Primary: immobility Secondary: decreased sensation, moisture, friction/shearing, dec. arterial blood flow, abnormal BMI (high or low) B. 3-4 times per hour in recumbent position, every 15-20 minutes while sitting Treatment for each stage of pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER-Stage I: pressure, friction/moisture relieve maneuvers only; Stage II: dressings AND stage I tx's; Stage III: debridement + stage II; Stage IV: surgery, grafting, + stage III. 2 weeks is when you look to see signs of healing, or else something more may be indicated. A. Usucal location of Arterial Insufficiency Ulcers B. At what ABI will a wound not heal without medical intervention? C. location of Venous insufficiency Ulcers D. Venous Ulcer Tx? E. Can one use the pressure ulcer scale for diabetic foot ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Lateral malleolus and toes (painful, deep) B. 0.5 or below C. medial side of ankle (painless, hemosiderin stained) D. Compression, elevation, active exercises E. No, use Wagner scale Ultrasound: A. High or low/pulsed intensity for acute conditions? B. What frequency used for deep? How deep? C. Can use in acute, inflammatory condition? D. Can use in acute bursitis? E. How is intensity decided upon? - CORRECT ANSWER-A. low/pulsed, for thin tissue also. High/continuous for chronic conditions and deep tissue. Intensity in (W/cm2)