Content Outline for the CMA (AAMA)® Certification Exam Questions and Answers 2023

Content Outline for the CMA (AAMA)® Certification Exam Questions and Answers 2023 Maslow Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing hierarchy of human needs. Erikson's Theory Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved. defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality Repression Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious. Denial refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities Projection psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others Displacement psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet Regression A reversion to immature patterns of behavior. Death and Dying Psychologist Elisabeth Kuber-Ross (1969) - described death as an orderly transition involving five distinct stages. 1) Denial 2) Anger 3) Bargaining 4) Depression 5) Acceptance active listening Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. Reflection ... Restatement Expressing the same idea in different words to clarify and stress key points clarification the act of making clear or understandable feedback Information passed between people; improves accuracy and productivity exploratory questions questions used to ask for further information or to more fully discuss the subject at hand open-ended questions questions that allow respondents to answer however they want Closed questions questions that ask for specific information and elicit a short, one- or two- word answer, a "yes" or "no," or a forced choice Telephone Techniques *Identify yourself. Employer may have a standard greeting. *Quickly assessing the level of understanding of the caller and speaking appropriately. *Using nontechnical words. *Addressing the caller by name. *Ending the conversation on a positive note, as appropriate: "Thank you for calling". "We look forward to seeing you at your appointment next week." "I am glad you're feeling better." "I hope you have a good day." stereotype A generalized belief about a group of people Professional image The impression you project through both your outward appearance and your conduct in the workplace. advance directives (living will) A legal document designed to indicate a person's wishes regarding care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process Medical durable power of attorney A legal document that names a surrogate decision maker in the event that the patient becomes unable to make his or her own healthcare decisions. Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) passed in 1990 A federal law that mandates that every individual has the right to make decisions regarding medical care, including the right to refuse treatment and the right-to-die Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA) passed in 1968, revised 1987 and 2006 a law permitting a person of legal age and sound mind to give all or any part of his/her body to take effect upon his/her death or gives the right to another. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Congress created to ensure safe and healthful working conditions Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created in 1906 a federal agency charged with enforcing regulations against selling and distributing adulterated, misbranded, or hazardous food and drug products Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) The 1988 reenactment of the 1967 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act, the federal regulations outlining the quality assurance activities required of laboratories that provide clinical services. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Passed by Congress in 1990 act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Passed in 1996 is for privacy of health information, security of electronic records, administrative simplification, and insurance portability Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act Passed in 2009 encourages healthcare providers to adopt electronic health records and improved privacy and security protections for healthcare data. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) an agency of the US Government, established in 1973 The primary task of the agency is to reduce the supply of illegal drugs produced inside the US or entering the US from abroad Controlled Substances Act passed in 1970 The federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement Administration to regulate the sale and use of drugs Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) passed in 2008 act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established in 1946 federal government agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people of the United States Consumer Protection Act passed in 1986 laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) A federal law, enacted in 1978 that regulates debt collection activities. Truth in Lending Act (TILA) passed in 1968 also known as Regulation Z Federal government regulates the lending practices of mortgage lenders through this act. communicable disease a disease that is spread from one host to another vital statistics The collection, tabulation, and interpretation of data concerning birth, marriage, divorce, sickness, and death. Protected Health Information (PHI) Individually identifiable health information that is transmitted or maintained by electronic media. HIV disclosure laws Most states can prosecute HIV+ individuals for failure to disclose their status Patient's Bill of Rights summary of a patient's rights regarding fair treatment and appropriate information Patient Care Partnership Replacing the Patients' Bill of Rights, this plain language brochure informs patients about what they should expect during their hospital stay with regard to their rights and responsibilities. Professional Liability Insurance designed to protect professionals from claims due to errors or omissions, also known as malpractice insurance. standard of care the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person should exercise under the same or similar circumstances standards of conduct A set of rules or guidelines an organization writes for its members. The rules pertain to how people behave and are based on the principles that the organization values, such as professionalism, and personal integrity. informed consent An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. Implied consent Type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he or she would want treatment. expressed consent consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being patient incompetence A patient who cannot understand the treatment protocol and make an informed decision emancipated minor Person younger than 18 years of age who lives independently, is totally self-supporting, is married or divorced, is a parent even if not married, or is in the military and possesses decision-making rights Person who is not 18 but has the same legal rights as an adult mature minor A person, usually younger than 18 years of age, who possesses the sufficient understanding and appreciation of the nature and consequences of treatment despite chronological age. subpoena duces tecum a court order to produce documents or records subpoena a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony Respondeat Superior "Let the master answer" an employer is vicariously liable for the behavior of an employee working within his or her scope of employment res ispa loquitur A doctrine under which negligence may be inferred simply because an event occurred, if it is the type of event that would not occur in the absence of negligence. Literally, the term means "the facts speak for themselves." the thing speaks for itself locum tenens a substitute physician hired to see patients while the regular physician is away from the office Defendant an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime Plaintiff a person who brings a case against another in a court of law. Deposition the giving of testimony under oath Arbitration settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider Mediation A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services of a neutral third party, called a mediator. The mediator acts as a communicating agent between the parties and suggests ways in which the parties can resolve their dispute. Good Samaritan Law a statute that relieves medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations Criminal Law a system of law concerned with the punishment of those who commit crimes. Felony a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death. Misdemeanor a crime or offense that is less serious than a felony; any minor misbehavior or misconduct Civil Law A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights. Physician-Patient Relationship the association between the patient and the physician providing clinical and consultative services; the communication between them is private and confidential Termination of Medical Care The physician terminates the physician-patient relationship by notifying the patient in writing of withdrawal from care after a specific time which is stated in the letter. The patient is also given information necessary to obtain their medical records or transfer to another provider