TCRN Review - Extremity and Wound Trauma (Musculoskeletal Trauma, Surface and Burn Trauma)-249 Questions with Complete Solutions

TCRN Review - Extremity and Wound Trauma (Musculoskeletal Trauma, Surface and Burn Trauma)-249 Questions with Complete Solutions List some special considerations for abrasions. - CORRECT ANSWER Pain control - full thickness abrasions may be associated with nerve damage and may have less pain Evaporative heat loss - consider warming measures Evaporative fluid loss - consider need for fluid replacement Scarring - anesthetize wound and aggressively remove debris Define contusion. - CORRECT ANSWER Rupture of subcutaneous blood vessels with extravasation of erythrocytes. Define hematoma. - CORRECT ANSWER Rupture of artery or vein that will continue to expand until the pressure in the tissue exceeds the pressure in the ruptured vessel. Contusions and hematomas have the potential for what significant complication? - CORRECT ANSWER Compartment Syndrome List 2 special considerations related to contusions / hematomas. - CORRECT ANSWER Potential for enough blood loss to cause hypovolemia, especially in areas of the body with greater dispensability (like the thigh). Blood is a medium for bacterial growth, therefore wounds with contusions and hematomas may have a greater risk for infection. What are the treatments for contusions / hematomas? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevation Application of Ice Packs Puncture wounds have a high rate of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Infection What treatment should be done with puncture wounds? - CORRECT ANSWER Soaking At time of discharge, what teaching should be given to a patient who sustained a puncture wound? - CORRECT ANSWER Soak wound 2-3 times per day for 2-4 days What type of bites tend to be deep wounds involving crushing of the tissue or avulsion? - CORRECT ANSWER Dog Bites Are larger bites or smaller bites more susceptible to infection? - CORRECT ANSWER Smaller. The larger size of wounds allows bacteria to exit, decreasing the incidence of infection. How many hours after a cat bite does infection usually start? - CORRECT ANSWER 12 hours What complications are often associated with cat bites? - CORRECT ANSWER Abscess, Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis Smaller puncture wounds traps bacteria increasing rate of infectious complications. What type of bites have very high infection rates? - CORRECT ANSWER Human bites How many days after a human bite does infection usually start? - CORRECT ANSWER 1-2 days after bite What diseases can be associated by human bite? - CORRECT ANSWER Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and potentially HIV