UTA NURS 5315 EXAM 2|2023/24 UPDATE|GRADED A+

Name 5 types of immunity Natural Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Passive acquired immunity, Humoral immunity, Cell-Mediated immunity Macrocytic Anemias Pernicious anemia, Folate Deficiency Anemia, Microcytic Anemias Iron Deficiency Anemia Neonate Platelets Are equal to adult levels and remain so through childhood During childhood the functioning bone marrow is limited to the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvis, scapulae, skull and proximal ends of the femur and humerus. A degree of hematopoiesis occurs in the liver and spleen in children. Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn This is an anemia which occurs in a newborn secondary to an immune destruction of the RBCs from the mother's antibodies Sickle Cell Disease - presence of the abnormal hgb, Hgb S. - Hemoglobin S is formed because of a genetic mutation which results in the replacement of glutamate amino acid with a valine amino acid in the β-globin hemoglobin chain. - This is a genetic disorder which is autosomal recessive disorder - increase risk of infections secondary to streptococcal infections. Pernicious anemia - caused by a lack of intrinsic factor which results in the malabsorption of B12. - Causes include vegan diets, gastrectomy, or atrophy of gastric mucosa due to autoimmune disease. - Pernicious means highly destructive - Clinical manifestations for this type of anemia are a beefy red tongue, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and neurologic symptoms (due to nerve demyelination and neuron death): paresthesia of hands/feet and loss of the sense of position and vibration. Folate Deficiency Anemia - reduction in RBC production secondary to a deficiency in folic acid. - We require 50-200 mcg/day of folate - Symptoms include cheilosis, stomatitis, painful ulcerations of the buccal mucosa and tongue Normal White Blood Cells (WBC) 5,000-10,000mm3 Red Blood Cells (RBC) a. Males: 4.7- 6.1 b. Females: 4.2-5.4 Hemoglobin (Hgb) b. Men: 14-18 c. Females: 12-16 Hematocrit (HCT) b. Men: 42%- 52% c. Females: 37%-47%