Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing C228 Questions With Complete Solutions

Agent correct answer: Causative factor, such as a biological or chemucal agent, invading a susceptible host through an environment favorable to disease Analytic epidemiology correct answer: Form of epidemiology that investigates causes and associations between factors or events and health Attack rate correct answer: Type of incidence rate defined as the proportion of persons who are exposed to an agent and who develop the disease, usually for a limited time in a specific population Bias correct answer: In determining causality, a systematic error because of the way the study is designed, how it was carried out, or some unplanned events that occurred and affected the study Case control study correct answer: Epidemiologic study design in which subjects with a specific disease or condition (cases) and a comparable group without the condition (controls) are enrolled and assessed for the presence or history of an exposure or characteristic. Case fatality rate correct answer: Proportion of persons diagnosed with a specific disorder who die within a specified time Causal inference correct answer: Using epidemiological, clinical, statistical, and other scientific evidence to judge if a causal association exists between two or more factors or events. Guidelines for evaluation of evidence are often used in making causal inference. Different levels of evidence are often used in making causal inference. Different levels of evidence may be required for different settings, for example, clinical decisions versus policy determinations. Cohort study correct answer: Epidemiological study design in which subjects without an outcome of interest are classified according to past or present (or future) exposures or characteristics and followed over time to observe and compare the rates of some health outco