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PN 2002 FInal Studyguide Test 2023

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  • September 3, 2023
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PN 2002 FInal Studyguide Test 2023



Clarification - ANSWER listening response used to ask clients for more information or for
elaboration on a point

restatement - ANSWER is an active listening strategy used to broaden a clients perspective
or when the nurse needs to provide a sharper focus on a specific part of communications

minimal cues - ANSWER defined as brief, encouraging phrases and non verbal prompts ,
which communicate interest

paraphrasing - ANSWER listening response which focuses on the cognitive component of a
message

summarization - ANSWER is an active listening skill used to pull several ideas and feelings
together, either from one interaction, or a series of interactions, into a few succinct sentences

what are the stages of grief - ANSWER 1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

Nonstochastic theories - ANSWER explain biological aging as resulting from a complex,
predetermined process

stochastic theories - ANSWER view the effects of biological aging as resulting from random
assaults from both the internal and external environment

cross-linking theory - ANSWER a theory of aging that holds that the stiffening of body
proteins eventually breaks down bodily processes, leading to aging

Free Radicals and Lipofuscin Theories - ANSWER suggests that aging is due to oxidative
metabolism and the effects of free radicals

wear and tear theories - ANSWER theories that the mechanical functions of the body simply
wear out with age

evolutionary theories - ANSWER theories that explain human behavior in terms of how it
contributes to the survival of the species and that look at how our evolutionary past

, influences individual development

Biogerontology theory - ANSWER connection between aging and disease processes
(bacteria, fungi, viruses)

apoptosis - ANSWER programmed cell death

genetic theories - ANSWER Programmed theory of aging: humans are born with genetic
program or biological clock that predetermined life span

autoimmune reactions - ANSWER primary organs of the immune system, the thymus and
bone marrow, are believed to be affected by the aging process.

neuroendocrine and neurochemical theories - ANSWER aging is result of changes in brain
and endocrine glands

radiation theories - ANSWER radiation may induce cellular mutations that promote aging

nutrition theories - ANSWER good diet may minimize or eliminate some ill effects of aging
process

environmental theories - ANSWER how personality is shaped by physical and social
environments

disengagement theory - ANSWER The view that aging makes a person's social sphere
increasingly narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal, and passivity.

activity theory - ANSWER theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are
happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby

continuity theory - ANSWER a theory focusing on how people adjust to retirement by
continuing aspects of their earlier lives

subculture theory - ANSWER explains that peer pressure is a determining cause of drug
experimentation, use, and/or abuse.

age stratification theory - ANSWER a theory which states that members of society are
stratified by age, just as they are stratified by race, class, and gender

developmental tasks - ANSWER events that need to happen in order for a person to
continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult

gerotranscendence theory - ANSWER human aging is a process of shifting from a rational
and materialistic metaperspective to a more cosmic and transcendent vision

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