BCBA Exam 2023 with complete solutions(download to pass)

Task Analysis taking a difficult, complex task and breaking it up into smaller steps that are easier to teach. Parametric analysis involves altering the value of the independent variable to determine how much of the independent variable is necessary to control the behavior. Component Analysis involves systematically removing components of an intervention package to see which components are actually controlling the behavior. Redundancy cue You have five picture cards with different animal pictures on them. You printed the pictures off so that the picture of the cow is brighter than all the other pictured animals. You then present these five picture cards to a client and you tell him to point to the picture of the cow. He successfully points to it. The brightened color on the picture of the cow serves as a stimulus that is paired with the correct response. Position cue Item being taught placed closer to student movement cue Pointing to, tapping, touching, looking at item being taught behavioral momentum increased tendency for a learner to make a particular response immediately after making similar responses What is the ultimate goal of mand training? The mand will be controlled solely by the motivation for the item. Even though the sight of the item may increase the motivation to ask for the time (think of a child seeing the ice cream truck), the ultimate goal would be for motivation alone to control the behavior of asking for the item since the item may not always be in sight. Mands shouldn't be controlled by another person saying the item first or by someone asking the learner what he wants. dependent group contingency the reward for the whole group is dependent on the performance of an individual student or small group premack principle commonly occurring behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer a stimulus that functions as a reinforcer because it has been paired with multiple backup reinforcers. trials-to-criterion involve setting a predetermined criterion and tracking how many trials it took to reach that criterion rate frequency divided by some unit of time Respondent extinction The repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus; the CS gradually loses its ability to elicit the conditioned response until the conditioned reflex no longer appears in the individual's repertoire. When Michelle was a child, a centipede crawled on her and bit her on her arm in her parent's basement while playing hide and seek with her siblings. This resulted in Michelle having an extreme fear of centipedes in adulthood. Last week, a behavior analyst began working with Michelle to decrease her fear of centipedes. She took Michelle to her parent's basement where she had been bitten by a centipede and the behavior analyst brought a couple centipedes and exposed her to them without them biting her or crawling on her. Eventually, Michelle was no longer afraid of centipedes. Respondent Conditioning A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response. multiple baseline across settings design the behavior analyst is working with one behavior of one person in multiple settings. Frequency recording is best to use when: 1. the behavior has a clear stopping point and a clear ending point. 2. The behavior does not vary much in duration. 3. The behavior does not occur so frequently that it would be extremely difficult to track accurately. Variable ratio and variable interval reinforcement schedules do NOT have post-reinforcement pauses Fixed interval and fixed ratio reinforcement schedules DO have post-reinforcement pauses Changing criterion experimental designs used when the goal is to increase or decrease the frequency of a behavior that is already in the learner's repertoire interdependent group contingency In order for the group to earn reinforcement, all the individuals in the group must meet the criterion of the established contingency dependent group contingency the reward for the whole group is dependent on the performance of an individual student or small group independent group contingency All members of a group are offered a contingency, but only the individuals who meet the contingency earn the reinforcement. Symmetry Jillian is traveling to see the Eiffel Tower in France. She did not know how to speak French before she arrived there. When she arrives, she is taught to say, "Salut" when someone waves to her. Then, without being taught, she begins waving to people when they say, "Salut." A=B (waving = salut) then this means B=A (salut = waving). training loosely changing non-controlling aspects of the discriminative stimulus so that the desired response can occur in numerous situations. Example: you see a behavior therapist working with her client throughout the day teaching him to respond to greetings with a "hi" or similar message. The therapist greets him first in the morning saying, "hi, pal!" at the clinics entrance. She then makes a point to say, "Hey there!" to him when she returns to the play area after a bathroom break. The final time you see the therapist is near the end of the day when she returns form a quick conversation with her supervisor and returns to her client in the table work are saying, "hello!" to her client. sequential modification training the response in one setting, then another setting, then another setting, etc. programming common stimuli involves bringing common stimuli from the natural environment into the training environment to make the training environment more similar to the natural environment. indiscriminable contingency involves changing the schedules of reinforcement response generalization would mean the child is learning new behaviors that result in the same reinforcer. stimulus discrimination would involve evoking a response under fewer stimuli involves fewer and fewer stimuli evoking the target response maturation refers to changes that happen over the course of the experiment that are completely unrelated to the independent variable bootleg reinforcement refers to gaining access to the reinforcement in other ways than the terms of the intervention expectancy experimenter was biased because she thought she knew what the outcome of the program was prior to or while it was being implemented. client attrition subjects dropping out of the study graduated guidance Hand-over-hand assistance and the combined use of physical prompting and fading, resulting in a systematic gradual reduction in the intensity or intrusiveness of the physical prompt paired-stimuli preference assessment also called "forced choice", consists of the simultaneous presentation of two stimulus. The observer records which of the two stimuli the learner chooses.